A map of New-England, being the first that ever was here cut, and done by the best pattern that could be had, which being in some places defective, it made the other less exact: Yet doth it sufficiently show the situation of the country & conveniently well the distances of places
Summary
Scale ca. 1:900,000.
Manuscript, pen-and-ink.
Oriented with north to the right.
Relief shown pictorially.
"This is a copy of the first map engraved in New England. Taken from one in Hubbard's Narrative of the troubles with the Indians in New England, supposed to have been published in 1677."
"The figures that are joyned with the names of places are to distinguish such as have been assaulted by Indians from others."
Imperfect: Legend in lower margin largely wanting.
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
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In the 17th century, maps took a huge leap forward. Mathematical and astronomical knowledge necessary to make accurate measurements had evolved. English mathematicians had perfected triangulation: navigation and surveying by right-angled triangles. Triangulation allowed navigators to set accurate courses and produced accurate land surveys. Seamen learned to correct their compasses for declination and had determined the existence of annual compass variation. Latitude determination was greatly improved with the John Davis quadrant. The measurement of distance sailed at sea was improved by another English invention, the common log. Longitudinal distance between Europe and Québec was determined by solar and lunar eclipses by the Jesuit Bressani in the 1640s and by Jean Deshayes in 1686. With accurate surveys in Europe, the grid of the modern map began to take shape.
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