![[Chart of the Mediterranean, the coast of Portugal, and the northwest coast of Africa] /](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMDkvMTQvY2hhcnQtb2YtdGhlLW1lZGl0ZXJyYW5lYW4tdGhlLWNvYXN0LW9mLXBvcnR1Z2FsLWFuZC10aGUtbm9ydGh3ZXN0LWNvYXN0LW9mLWZiYjRkNy0xMDI0LmpwZw%3D%3D/320/157/jpg "[Chart of the Mediterranean, the coast of Portugal, and the northwest coast of Africa] /")
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![[Portolan chart of the Mediterranean and Black Seas with the west coast of Spain and Portugal] /](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMDkvMTcvcG9ydG9sYW4tY2hhcnQtb2YtdGhlLW1lZGl0ZXJyYW5lYW4tYW5kLWJsYWNrLXNlYXMtd2l0aC10aGUtd2VzdC1jb2FzdC1vZi1zcGFpbi0yNzA1NjgtNjQwLmpwZw%3D%3D/40/29/webp "[Portolan chart of the Mediterranean and Black Seas with the west coast of Spain and Portugal] /")
![[Portolan chart of the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, and the coasts of Europe and northwest Africa].](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn18/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMTAvMDYvcG9ydG9sYW4tY2hhcnQtb2YtdGhlLW1lZGl0ZXJyYW5lYW4tdGhlLWJsYWNrLXNlYS1hbmQtdGhlLWNvYXN0cy1vZi1ldXJvcGUtZTBlMWUyLTY0MC5qcGc%3D/40/29/webp "[Portolan chart of the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, and the coasts of Europe and northwest Africa].")
![[Portolan atlas of the Mediterranean Sea, western Europe, and the northwest coast of Africa].](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzE1OTAvMDEvMDEvcG9ydG9sYW4tYXRsYXMtb2YtdGhlLW1lZGl0ZXJyYW5lYW4tc2VhLXdlc3Rlcm4tZXVyb3BlLWFuZC10aGUtbm9ydGh3ZXN0LWNvYXN0LTItNjQwLmpwZw%3D%3D/40/56/webp "[Portolan atlas of the Mediterranean Sea, western Europe, and the northwest coast of Africa].")
![[Portolan atlas of the Mediterranean Sea, western Europe, and the northwest coast of Africa].](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzE1OTAvMDEvMDEvcG9ydG9sYW4tYXRsYXMtb2YtdGhlLW1lZGl0ZXJyYW5lYW4tc2VhLXdlc3Rlcm4tZXVyb3BlLWFuZC10aGUtbm9ydGh3ZXN0LWNvYXN0LTQtNjQwLmpwZw%3D%3D/40/27/webp "[Portolan atlas of the Mediterranean Sea, western Europe, and the northwest coast of Africa].")
![[Portolan atlas of the Mediterranean Sea, western Europe, and the northwest coast of Africa].](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzE1OTAvMDEvMDEvcG9ydG9sYW4tYXRsYXMtb2YtdGhlLW1lZGl0ZXJyYW5lYW4tc2VhLXdlc3Rlcm4tZXVyb3BlLWFuZC10aGUtbm9ydGh3ZXN0LWNvYXN0LTEtNjQwLmpwZw%3D%3D/40/56/webp "[Portolan atlas of the Mediterranean Sea, western Europe, and the northwest coast of Africa].")
[Chart of the Mediterranean, the coast of Portugal, and the northwest coast of Africa] /
Summary
Title devised by cataloguer.
Oriented with north to the right.
Contains 16 wind roses.
Creator could be Giovanni Battista Cavallini, his son Pietro, or the Cavallini workshop.
LC Nautical charts on vellum, 20.
Pen-and-ink and goauche.
Includes 3 bar scales in unidentified units and many illustrations throughout.
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
Ancient Maps from the Library of Congress. 13th -18th Century Maps.
In the 17th century, maps took a huge leap forward. Mathematical and astronomical knowledge necessary to make accurate measurements had evolved. English mathematicians had perfected triangulation: navigation and surveying by right-angled triangles. Triangulation allowed navigators to set accurate courses and produced accurate land surveys. Seamen learned to correct their compasses for declination and had determined the existence of annual compass variation. Latitude determination was greatly improved with the John Davis quadrant. The measurement of distance sailed at sea was improved by another English invention, the common log. Longitudinal distance between Europe and Québec was determined by solar and lunar eclipses by the Jesuit Bressani in the 1640s and by Jean Deshayes in 1686. With accurate surveys in Europe, the grid of the modern map began to take shape.
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