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![Tel Deweir (Lachish). General view of N.W. corner of Tell, showing chute and line of I[ron] age fortifications. Buttresses at corner part of original I[ron] age fortification](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzE5MzYvMDEvMDEvdGVsLWRld2Vpci1sYWNoaXNoLWdlbmVyYWwtdmlldy1vZi1udy1jb3JuZXItb2YtdGVsbC1zaG93aW5nLWNodXRlLWFuZC1saW5lLTY0MC5qcGc%3D/40/29/webp "Tel Deweir (Lachish). General view of N.W. corner of Tell, showing chute and line of I[ron] age fortifications. Buttresses at corner part of original I[ron] age fortification")
Nekhel. Ancient pilgrim fortress showing main entrance and corner tower
Summary
Title from: Catalogue of photographs & lantern slides ... [1936?].
Date from Matson LOT cards.
Photograph taken from the southeastern side of Nakhl fortress, looking north and showing southern corner of the main water reservoir to the north of the fortress to the right, the gate along the southeast wall and east tower from centre-right to left. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
Neolithic structures (17 features) and flint tools (8,000-5,000 BCE) were found in the vicinity of Shrafett El Hagg to the east of Mitla Pass. Darb El Hagg was the Muslim pilgrimage route from Egypt to Mecca via Ras El Nakab and the Aqaba fortress at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba, between 1268 and 1517 CE and continued to be traversed until 1885 CE. The pilgrims passed a series of landmarks, water points and waystations along the route: the three rock pillars of El Nwatir and the rock inscriptions at Dabbet El Baghla (Mamluk, Qunswa El Ghouri, 1508-17 CE), El Munsaraf at Diset El Hag, Al Qubab at Fashet El Haag and Wadi El Tiwal, Shrafett El Hagg, Gebeil Hisn (also known as Hassan Ibn Al-Nasser), Nakhl (Medeival Islamic ruins, 7th-8th centuries CE; El Bir El Sultani, 1279-90 and 1501-17 CE; Malik El Dynkandar fortress, 1331 CE; Mamluk/Qunswa El Ghouri and Ottoman fortress, 1508-54 CE; the Bedouin shrines of Mohamed El Ghazawy El Nakhlawy, El Hagag from Lihywat tribe and 'Ads; the administrative centre of central Sinai since 19th century CE), El Qurrays (Mamluk and Ottoman water point, 1250-1800 CE; the Bedouin shrine of Abu Muhammad El Gohry, 1582 CE), and Dabbet El Baa'la. Darb El Hagg crosses the territories of different tribes from west to east: Lihywat (17th century CE), Huwitat (17th century CE), Tayaha (10-13th century CE) and Tarabien (16th century CE). Mitla, Giddi and Khatmiya passes (from south to north) control the crossing of North Sinai from west (Suez Canal) to east, where military operations took place throughout the 20th century CE. The first asphalt road between El Sahtt on Gulf of Suez to Ras El Nakab via Mitla Pass was constructed by the Egyptian Corps of Engineers in 1950-51 CE, and later extended to the east in 1956-58 CE. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
Gift; Episcopal Home; 1978.
The G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection is a source of historical images of the Middle East. The majority of the images depict Palestine (present-day Israel and the West Bank) from 1898 to 1946. Most of the Library of Congress collection consists of over 23,000 glass and film photographic negatives and transparencies created by the American Colony Photo Department and its successor firm, the Matson Photo Service. The American Colony Photo Department in Jerusalem was one of several photo services operating in the Middle East before 1900. Catering primarily to the tourist trade, the American Colony and its competitors photographed holy sites, often including costumed actors recreating Biblical scenes. The firm’s photographers were residents of Palestine with knowledge of the land and people that gave them an advantage and made their coverage intimate and comprehensive. They documented Middle East culture, history, and political events from before World War I through the collapse of Ottoman rule, the British Mandate period, World War II, and the emergence of the State of Israel. The Matson Collection also includes images of people and locations in present-day Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Iraq, and Turkey. Additionally, the firm produced photographs from an East African trip. The collection came to the Library of Congress between 1966 and 1981, through a series of gifts made by Eric Matson and his beneficiary, the Home for the Aged of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Diocese of Los Angeles (now called the Kensington Episcopal Home).
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