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Planisphaerii coelestis hemisphaerium meridionale : calculatum ad finem anni MDCC, pro aevo XVIII praesente /
Summary
Shows hemispheric view with signs of the Zodiac and the constellations shown picorially.
"Cum Privilegio Pontissimorum D D Ordinum Hollandiae et Westfrisiae".
Appears in: Atlas nouveau contenant toutes les parties du monde, où sont exactement marqués les empires, monarchies, royaumes, états, républiques &c. Amsterdam: J. Cóvens et C. Mortier, [1683-1761].
Includes tables and notes concerning stars.
Insets: Solis observation novissima -- Lunae effigies, nuper conspecto -- Memoranda solis eclipsis -- Mercurius --Venus -- Mars -- Jupiter -- Saturnus.
LC copy stamped on in blue ink in lower left margin: 311A.
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
In the 17th century, maps took a huge leap forward. Mathematical and astronomical knowledge necessary to make accurate measurements had evolved. English mathematicians had perfected triangulation: navigation and surveying by right-angled triangles. Triangulation allowed navigators to set accurate courses and produced accurate land surveys. Seamen learned to correct their compasses for declination and had determined the existence of annual compass variation. Latitude determination was greatly improved with the John Davis quadrant. The measurement of distance sailed at sea was improved by another English invention, the common log. Longitudinal distance between Europe and Québec was determined by solar and lunar eclipses by the Jesuit Bressani in the 1640s and by Jean Deshayes in 1686. With accurate surveys in Europe, the grid of the modern map began to take shape.
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