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![Geometrical plan of the principal harbour in the island of Porto [sic] Rico /](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn18/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMTEvMTcvZ2VvbWV0cmljYWwtcGxhbi1vZi10aGUtcHJpbmNpcGFsLWhhcmJvdXItaW4tdGhlLWlzbGFuZC1vZi1wb3J0by1zaWMtcmljby1iMGFjMmUtNjQwLmpwZw%3D%3D/40/30/webp "Geometrical plan of the principal harbour in the island of Porto [sic] Rico /")
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![Plano del Puerto de Nipe situado en la costa del N. de la de la [sic] ya. de la Havana en la latd. de 21 gs. 10 ms. sepc. y en la longd. de 301 gs. 33 ms. segn. el meridio. de Thenerife.](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMDkvMjEvcGxhbm8tZGVsLXB1ZXJ0by1kZS1uaXBlLXNpdHVhZG8tZW4tbGEtY29zdGEtZGVsLW4tZGUtbGEtZGUtbGEtc2ljLXlhLWRlLWxhLWQ4NzQ1Zi02NDAuanBn/40/162/webp "Plano del Puerto de Nipe situado en la costa del N. de la de la [sic] ya. de la Havana en la latd. de 21 gs. 10 ms. sepc. y en la longd. de 301 gs. 33 ms. segn. el meridio. de Thenerife.")
![Plano del Puerto de Nipe situado en la costa del N. de la de la [sic] ya. de la Havana en la latd. de 21 gs. 10 ms. sepc. y en la longd. de 301 gs. 33 ms. segn. el meridio. de Thenerife.](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMDkvMjEvcGxhbm8tZGVsLXB1ZXJ0by1kZS1uaXBlLXNpdHVhZG8tZW4tbGEtY29zdGEtZGVsLW4tZGUtbGEtZGUtbGEtc2ljLXlhLWRlLWxhLWQ0OGQ3Ny02NDAuanBn/40/56/webp "Plano del Puerto de Nipe situado en la costa del N. de la de la [sic] ya. de la Havana en la latd. de 21 gs. 10 ms. sepc. y en la longd. de 301 gs. 33 ms. segn. el meridio. de Thenerife.")
Plano del Pto. de Nipe situado en la costa del N. de la ya. de la Habana y en la latitud de 21⁰10ʹ septemtrional y longd. de 301⁰33ʹ, mero. de Tenerife.
Summary
Relief shown pictorially. Depths shown by soundings.
Prime meridian: Tenerife.
Oriented with north toward the lower right.
Watermarks: IV, J. Kool, and Strasburg fleur-de-lis.
Pen-and-ink.
Mounted on cloth backing.
LC Luso-Hispanic World, 330
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
Portion of cloth backing opening on verso to show unfinsished drawing.
Annotated in brown ink in lower left corner: 8.
Maggs number annotated in pencil in lower right corner: 242.
Vault
In the 17th century, maps took a huge leap forward. Mathematical and astronomical knowledge necessary to make accurate measurements had evolved. English mathematicians had perfected triangulation: navigation and surveying by right-angled triangles. Triangulation allowed navigators to set accurate courses and produced accurate land surveys. Seamen learned to correct their compasses for declination and had determined the existence of annual compass variation. Latitude determination was greatly improved with the John Davis quadrant. The measurement of distance sailed at sea was improved by another English invention, the common log. Longitudinal distance between Europe and Québec was determined by solar and lunar eclipses by the Jesuit Bressani in the 1640s and by Jean Deshayes in 1686. With accurate surveys in Europe, the grid of the modern map began to take shape.
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