The European Partingtons / J.S. Pughe., Political Cartoon
Summary
Illustration shows John Bull, representing "England", and a line of European rulers with the attributes of the Nicholas II "Russia", William II "Germany", Franz Joseph I "Austria", Emile Loubet "France", Victor Emmanuel III "Italy" and Alfonso XIII "Spain", each with a broom on a beach trying to sweep back the wave of "American Commerce" about to crash on their shores.
Illus. in: Puck, v. 52, no. 1331 (1902 September 3), centerfold.
Copyright 1902 by Keppler & Schwarzmann.
Alois Senefelder, the inventor of lithography, introduced the subject of colored lithography in 1818. Printers in other countries, such as France and England, were also started producing color prints. The first American chromolithograph—a portrait of Reverend F. W. P. Greenwood—was created by William Sharp in 1840. Chromolithographs became so popular in American culture that the era has been labeled as "chromo civilization". During the Victorian times, chromolithographs populated children's and fine arts publications, as well as advertising art, in trade cards, labels, and posters. They were also used for advertisements, popular prints, and medical or scientific books.
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