Grading the Central Pacific Railroad, Sailors Spur and Fill- 12 miles ...
The Library holds only one photo from a pair published as a stereographic view. Gems of California scenery, no. 1098. LOT subdivision subject: Central Pacific Railroad Equipment and Tracks on Donner Pass Route.... More
Upper Cisco, Placer County - Central Pacific Railroad teams
The Library holds only one photo from a pair published as a stereographic view. Gems of California scenery, no. 1259. LOT subdivision subject: Donner Pass Route. This record contains unverified data from old ca... More
Green Valley, American River, from the Central Pacific Railroad, 4 mil...
The Library holds only one photo from a pair published as a stereographic view. Gems of California scenery, no. 1094. LOT subdivision subject: Donner Pass Route. This record contains unverified old data from ca... More
Emigrant Gap - view from the tunnel, looking West - Central Pacific Ra...
The Library holds only one photo from a pair published as a stereographic view. Gems of California scenery, no. 1268. LOT subdivision subject: Central Pacific Railroad Equipment and tracks on Donner Pass Route... More
Map showing the Houston & Texas Central Railroad and its connections, ...
Part of southwestern United States showing relief by hachures, drainage, cities and towns, counties, and the railroad network with emphasis on the main line. Scale ca. 1:3,200,000. LC Railroad maps, 429 Descrip... More
![[Pan American Division of Central Railroad, Guatemala] - Frank G. Carpenter collection](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMDkvMjEvcGFuLWFtZXJpY2FuLWRpdmlzaW9uLW9mLWNlbnRyYWwtcmFpbHJvYWQtZ3VhdGVtYWxhLTBjNTUyNy0xMDI0LmpwZw%3D%3D/40/31/webp "[Pan American Division of Central Railroad, Guatemala] - Frank G. Carpenter collection")
[Pan American Division of Central Railroad, Guatemala] - Frank G. Carp...
Train going through woods. Frank and Frances Carpenter Collection (Library of Congress).
Trucks unloading at the inbound freight house of the Illinois Central ...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a train station, railroad tracks, railway, 19th-20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. Locomotive taking on sand at an Illinois Central Ra...
Public domain photograph of a steam locomotive, train car, railroad, railway, 19th-20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Chicago, Illinois. Frank Williams, working on the car repair tracks at...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. The turntable at the roundhouse at an Illinois Cent...
Picryl description: Public domain image of an arch stone structure, bridge, or tunnel, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. As each car goes by his window at an Illinois Centr...
Public domain photograph - New York, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Chicago, Illinois. Throwing a switch after an Illinois Central Railroa...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. General view of the north classification yard at an...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a coal mine, industrial facility, mining industry, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. Retarder operator's tower at the north hump at an I...
Picryl description: Public domain image of railroad tracks, railway, train car, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. The turntable at the roundhouse at an Illinois Cent...
Public domain photograph - historical image of Illinois, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Chicago, Illinois. Train clerk marking cars as they go over the hump a...
Public domain photograph of train car, engine, locomotive, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Chicago, Illinois. General view of part of the South Water Street frei...
Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s train station, train car, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Mr. E. S. Devine, fireman on the Indiana Harbor Belt and Michigan Cent...
Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Hammond, Indiana. A train of tank cars on Michigan Central Railroad tr...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a coal mine, industrial facility, mining industry, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 29, Milepost 135...
Picryl description: Public domain image of an arch stone structure, bridge, or tunnel, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 35, Milepost 176...
Significance: The Central Pacific First Transcontinental Railroad is a segment of the western half of the first transcontinental railroad, built from Sacramento, California to Promontory Summit, Utah between 18... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Bay Street Viaduct, U.S. 17 & Bay Street, ...
Significance: The Bay Street Viaduct is representative of an intact example of an early 20th century viaduct built to span railroad tracks and yards. It is a relatively rare example for an important type of 20... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Bay Street Viaduct, U.S. 17 & Bay Street, ...
Significance: The Bay Street Viaduct is representative of an intact example of an early 20th century viaduct built to span railroad tracks and yards. It is a relatively rare example for an important type of 20... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Bay Street Viaduct, U.S. 17 & Bay Street, ...
Significance: The Bay Street Viaduct is representative of an intact example of an early 20th century viaduct built to span railroad tracks and yards. It is a relatively rare example for an important type of 20... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Engine Terminal, Jersey City, Hudson C...
Public domain image of a train station in Boston, Massachusetts, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Engine Terminal, Jersey City, Hudson C...
Picryl description: Public domain image of an industrial equipment, workshop, assembly line, factory, power engine, 19th-20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 39, Milepost 180...
Significance: The Central Pacific First Transcontinental Railroad is a segment of the western half of the first transcontinental railroad, built from Sacramento, California to Promontory Summit, Utah between 18... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops & Terminal Facilitie...
See HAER GA-1, Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops, for additional information. Survey number: HAER GA-1-K National Register of Historic Places NRIS Number: 76000610
National Docks Branch Bridge N.D.2F, Spans former Central Railroad of ...
Significance: Bridge N.D.2F is significant as a highly intact and representative example of a riveted Pratt through truss railroad bridge, typical of late nineteenth and early twentieth century bridge engineeri... More
Commercial & Industrial Buildings, Illinois Central Railroad Passenger...
Significance: The Illinois Central Railroad has clearly been the most important rail carrier to serve Dubuque. Although built as the second passenger depot on the site in 1945, this structure is historically s... More
Illinois Central Railroad Station, Michigan & Roosevelt Streets, Chica...
Survey number: HABS IL-1106 Public domain photograph - historical image of Illinois, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Hartford & New Haven Railroad, Depot, 35 Central Street, Windsor, Hart...
Significance: This mid 19th century railroad building with exceptionally rich detail is one of the finest examples of the French Second Empire Style in Windsor. Windsor Center experienced a major residential d... More
Hartford & New Haven Railroad, Depot, 35 Central Street, Windsor, Hart...
Significance: This mid 19th century railroad building with exceptionally rich detail is one of the finest examples of the French Second Empire Style in Windsor. Windsor Center experienced a major residential d... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Lehigh River Bridge at Easton, Spannin...
Significance: This skewed crossing of the Lehigh River, with one span over the Third Street Bridge, is significant as a highly visible local landmark. When the structure partially collapsed during a 1902 flood,... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops & Terminal Facilitie...
Significance: The Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops are significant because they represent the major site component of one of the earliest attempts in the United States to plan and develop a who... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops & Terminal Facilitie...
Significance: The Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops are significant because they represent the major site component of one of the earliest attempts in the United States to plan and develop a who... More
Keystone Bridge Company Bridge, Fairground Street spanning Illinois Ce...
Survey number: HAER MS-5 Public domain photograph - historical image of Illinois, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Keystone Bridge Company Bridge, Fairground Street spanning Illinois Ce...
Survey number: HAER MS-5 Public domain photograph of attic, house frame, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops & Terminal Facilitie...
See HAER GA-1, Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops, for additional information. Significance: The firm of Mueller and Schwab designed and built the structure and Benjamin F. Armstrong did the orig... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops & Terminal Facilitie...
See HAER GA-1, Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops, for additional information. Significance: The firm of Mueller and Schwab designed and built the structure and Benjamin F. Armstrong did the orig... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops & Terminal Facilitie...
See HAER GA-1, Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops, for additional information. Significance: The firm of Mueller and Schwab designed and built the structure and Benjamin F. Armstrong did the orig... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Up Freight Warehouse, 227 West Broad Stree...
See HAER GA-1, Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops, for additional information. Significance: Erected in 1853, the warehouse is one of the oldest structures in the yard. Constructed by Mueller and... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Up Freight Warehouse, 227 West Broad Stree...
See HAER GA-1, Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops, for additional information. Significance: Erected in 1853, the warehouse is one of the oldest structures in the yard. Constructed by Mueller and... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Up Freight Warehouse, 227 West Broad Stree...
See HAER GA-1, Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops, for additional information. Significance: Erected in 1853, the warehouse is one of the oldest structures in the yard. Constructed by Mueller and... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Bethlehem Station, South side of Lehig...
Survey number: HABS PA-1149 Public domain photograph - city, downtown, New York, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Bethlehem Station, South side of Lehig...
Survey number: HABS PA-1149 Public domain photograph of Victorian style building, 19th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Elk River Truss Bridge, Spanning Elk River at Penn Central Railroad tr...
Survey number: HAER WV-81 Public domain photograph - historical image of West Virginia, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Elk River Truss Bridge, Spanning Elk River at Penn Central Railroad tr...
Survey number: HAER WV-81 Public domain photograph - historical image of West Virginia, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Elk River Truss Bridge, Spanning Elk River at Penn Central Railroad tr...
Survey number: HAER WV-81 Public domain photograph - historical image of West Virginia, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Minneapolis Warehouse District, Wisconsin Central Freight Station, 10-...
Significance: The Wisconsin Central Freight Station (Chicago Great Western Warehouse) is sited at "Bridge Square" at the eastern end of the Minneapolis Warehouse Historic District, where the primary downtown st... More
Beverly Shores Entrance Gates, Central Avenue & U.S. Route 12 (North s...
Significance: The Beverly Shores gates mark the entrance to Robert Bartlett's subdivision at Beverly Shores. Located at the eastern end of Beverly Shores at the Central Avenue railroad stop, they mark the plac... More
Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 26, Milepost 133...
Significance: The Central Pacific First Transcontinental Railroad is a segment of the western half of the first transcontinental railroad, built from Sacramento, California to Promontory Summit, Utah between 18... More
Central of Georgia Railroad, Gray Building, 227 West Broad Street, Sav...
See HAER GA-53, Central of Georgia Railroad, Gray Building, and HAER GA-1 for additional information. Significance: Component part of a large complex of mid-19th century railroad structures, which collectively ... More
Central of Georgia Railroad, Passenger Station & Train Shed, 301 West ...
Significance: Component part of a large complex of mid-19th century railroad structures, which collectively constitute one of the oldest such facilities in the country. These buildings were the last major addit... More
Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 27, Milepost 133...
Significance: The Central Pacific First Transcontinental Railroad is a segment of the western half of the first transcontinental railroad, built from Sacramento, California to Promontory Summit, Utah between 18... More
Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 27, Milepost 133...
Significance: The Central Pacific First Transcontinental Railroad is a segment of the western half of the first transcontinental railroad, built from Sacramento, California to Promontory Summit, Utah between 18... More
Coffeeville Hotel, Illinois Central & Gulf Railroad vicinity, Coffeevi...
Significance: From 1906 until World War II, the Coffeeville Hotel played an important role in the business life of the town of Coffeeville. For over seventy-five years it has been a local landmark due to its p... More
Coffeeville Hotel, Illinois Central & Gulf Railroad vicinity, Coffeevi...
Significance: From 1906 until World War II, the Coffeeville Hotel played an important role in the business life of the town of Coffeeville. For over seventy-five years it has been a local landmark due to its p... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Jersey City Ferry Terminal, Johnson Av...
Significance: The ferry slips, sheds, and concourses comprise the harborside element of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, Jersey City Ferry Terminal, which is a National Register site. The terminal is the la... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Jersey City Ferry Terminal, Johnson Av...
Significance: The ferry slips, sheds, and concourses comprise the harborside element of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, Jersey City Ferry Terminal, which is a National Register site. The terminal is the la... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Passenger Station & Train Shed, Corner of ...
Significance: The Central of Georgia Terminal and Trainshed at Savannah are part of one of the earliest attempts to build a comprehensive railroad terminal and shop complex in this country. The structure of th... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Passenger Station & Train Shed, Corner of ...
Significance: The Central of Georgia Terminal and Trainshed at Savannah are part of one of the earliest attempts to build a comprehensive railroad terminal and shop complex in this country. The structure of th... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Passenger Station & Train Shed, Corner of ...
Significance: The Central of Georgia Terminal and Trainshed at Savannah are part of one of the earliest attempts to build a comprehensive railroad terminal and shop complex in this country. The structure of th... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Passenger Station & Train Shed, Corner of ...
Significance: The Central of Georgia Terminal and Trainshed at Savannah are part of one of the earliest attempts to build a comprehensive railroad terminal and shop complex in this country. The structure of th... More
![[The summit of Castle Peak, 10,000 feet altitude. An extinct volcano near Donner Pass - Central Pacific Railroad]](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzE4NjYvMDEvMDEvdGhlLXN1bW1pdC1vZi1jYXN0bGUtcGVhay0xMDAwMC1mZWV0LWFsdGl0dWRlLWFuLWV4dGluY3Qtdm9sY2Fuby1uZWFyLWRvbm5lci02NDAuanBn/40/35/webp "[The summit of Castle Peak, 10,000 feet altitude. An extinct volcano near Donner Pass - Central Pacific Railroad]")
[The summit of Castle Peak, 10,000 feet altitude. An extinct volcano n...
Public domain photograph of rural landscape, California, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Falls on the Yuba River, near Crystal Lake - Central Pacific Railroad
The Library holds only one photo from a pair published as a stereographic view. Gems of California scenery, no. 1273. LOT subdivision subject: Donner Pass Route. This record contains unverified old data from ca... More
Kidd's Dam Meadow lake, Summit City - Central Pacific Railroad
Public domain photograph of rural landscape, California, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Teaming from the Central Pacific Railroad at Cisco, Placer County
The albumen silver print is a photographic printing process that was widely used in the 19th century. It involves coating paper support with a mixture of egg whites and salt, which creates a glossy surface to h... More
Niagara Falls as seen from Michigan Central Railroad
Panoramic photo copyrighted by Howard F. Peirson Co. (no. 360). This record contains unverified, old data from caption card. Caption card tracings: New York Niagara Falls; Panoramic photos; Photog. I; Shelf. ... More
![N.Y.C. & H.R.R.R. [New York Central & Hudson River Railroad] Station, Albany, N.Y.](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzE5MDAvMDEvMDEvbnljLWFuZC1ocnJyLW5ldy15b3JrLWNlbnRyYWwtYW5kLWh1ZHNvbi1yaXZlci1yYWlscm9hZC1zdGF0aW9uLWFsYmFueS1ueS0xMDI0LmpwZw%3D%3D/40/31/webp "N.Y.C. & H.R.R.R. [New York Central & Hudson River Railroad] Station, Albany, N.Y.")
N.Y.C. & H.R.R.R. [New York Central & Hudson River Railroad] Station, ...
Picryl description: Public domain image of an industrial building, warehouse, depot, train station, 19th-20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Eleanor, West Virginia. Four-room houses occupied by workers at the Pl...
Picryl description: Public domain historical photograph of 1930s America during the Great Depression, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.
Chicago, Illinois. In the yardmaster's office at the south classificat...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a bureau, office furniture, desk, chair, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. Brakeman waiting to hop an engine at an Illinois Ce...
Public domain photograph of the United States military and military-industrial complex before World War Two, 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Chicago, Illinois. Car going over the hump past the engine foreman's o...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a bureau, office furniture, desk, chair, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. Cars on classification tracks at an Illinois Centra...
Picryl description: Public domain image of railroad tracks, railway, train car, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. An oil train just arrived from the southwest at an ...
Picryl description: Public domain image of railway tracks, train station, railroad building, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Hammond, Indiana. Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad train on the Michigan C...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a train station, railroad tracks, railway depot, 19th-20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Chicago, Illinois. General view of part of the South Water Street Illi...
Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s train station, train car, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
The Central Pacific Railroad's "Gov. Stanford" locomotive No. 1 is one...
Public domain photograph of a steam locomotive, train car, railroad, railway, 19th-20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Central of Georgia Railway, Red (Administration) Building, 233 West Br...
See HAER GA-1, Central of Georgia Railway, Savannah Repair Shops, for additional information. Significance: The red brick structure was erected in 1887 to accommodate the expanding clerical staff of the Central... More
Strafford Railroad Station, East side of Old Eagle School Road, betwee...
Significance: This structure was built in 1876 as the Centennial Catalogue Building for the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. It was then purchased at auction by the Pennsylvania Railroad for use as a... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Newark Bay Lift Bridge, Spanning Newar...
Significance: The Newark Bay Bridge was constructed near the end of J.A.L. Waddell's career. He was an early proponent of the vertical lift bridge, designing and building his first in 1892. Waddell's landmark... More
Michigan Central Railroad Station, Capitol Avenue, Battle Creek, Calho...
Significance: Presidents William McKinley and William Howard Taft spoke here. The first passenger train that stopped at this station was on June 27, 1888. It carried members of the American Society of Civil E... More
Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 35, Milepost 176...
Significance: The Central Pacific First Transcontinental Railroad is a segment of the western half of the first transcontinental railroad, built from Sacramento, California to Promontory Summit, Utah between 18... More
Illinois Central Railroad Overpass, Spanning Illinois Central Railroad...
Significance: Designed by the Iowa State Highway Commission, the continuous steel plate girder of two asymmetrical spans is broken into two unequal lengths with an interesting detail off-center of the middle pi... More
Central of Georgia Railway, Bay Street Viaduct, U.S. 17 & Bay Street, ...
Significance: The Bay Street Viaduct is representative of an intact example of an early 20th century viaduct built to span railroad tracks and yards. It is a relatively rare example for an important type of 20... More
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Engine Terminal, Jersey City, Hudson C...
Public domain photograph of diesel or electric train engine, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Engine Terminal, Jersey City, Hudson C...
Picryl description: Public domain image of an industrial equipment, workshop, assembly line, factory, power engine, 19th-20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Central Railroad of New Jersey, Engine Terminal, Jersey City, Hudson C...
Public domain scan of a technical diagram, plan, or drawing, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description.
National Docks Branch Bridge N.D.2F, Spans former Central Railroad of ...
Significance: Bridge N.D.2F is significant as a highly intact and representative example of a riveted Pratt through truss railroad bridge, typical of late nineteenth and early twentieth century bridge engineeri... More
Commercial & Industrial Buildings, Illinois Central Railroad Passenger...
Significance: The Illinois Central Railroad has clearly been the most important rail carrier to serve Dubuque. Although built as the second passenger depot on the site in 1945, this structure is historically s... More