germany

[Holstengate, Lubeck, Germany]

Title from the Detroit Publishing Co., catalogue J foreign section. Detroit, Mich. : Detroit Photographic Company, 1905. Print no. "1879". Forms part of: Views of Germany in the Photochrom print collection.

Gus Worke, a farmer who came from Germany 40 years ago, Southington, C...

Zeichnet 7. Kriegsanleihe / Alfred Offner.

Poster shows soldiers and their weapons behind a barricade of Austrian coins. Text: Subscribe to the 7th War Loan, Vienna Commercial Bank. Title from item.

Bible. Manuscripts. Latin. Biblia latina. April 4, 1452-July 9, 1453. ...

Jerome's preface to Pentateuch. Rosenwald 5 No file prints. This record contains unverified, old data from caption card. Caption card tracings: Bible O.T.

Mainz, Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, 14 Aug. (in vigilia Assumption...

Liber sextus Decretalium.Mainz, Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, 17 De...

[Earth, the sun, and moon carried on dragon's back below title in deco...

Title page in: Astronomicum caesareum / Petrus Apianus. [Ingolstadii, 1540] Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1987, p.43.

Praeceptorium divinae legis.[Reutlingen, Michael Greyff, not after 147...

[Trees with medicinal virtues, growing naturally and cultivated in pot...

Illus. in: Buch der natur / Konrad von Megenberg. Augsburg : J. Bamler, 1481. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1987, p. 55.

[Medieval universe, with heaven above, bands containing stars, and ear...

Illus. in: Buch der natur / Konrad von Megenberg. Augsburg : Johann Bamier, 1481. Ref. copy in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1987, p. 8.

[Sigismund, emperor of Germany, on his death bed, 1437]

Illus. in: Reformation kaiser Sigmunds, 1484.

[Un officier allemand portant un drapeau, accompagné d'un tambour, d'u...

Five German soldiers, one carrying a sword, one playing the fife, a drummer whose drum bears Hopfer's initials, one carrying a flag, and one carrying a halberd.

[Hroswitha (10th Century nun, poet, and chronicler) presenting her wor...

Woodcut by Albrecht Durer. Illus. in: Hroswitha's Opera, Nuremberg, 1501, frontis. Reference copy may be in Biog. File. This record contains unverified, old data from caption card. Caption card tracings: Shelf.

Typus gramatic

Grammar represented as a woman with alphabet board and a key showing a youth the entrance to university building filled with students. Illus. in: Margarita philosophica / Gregor Reisch. Friburgi : I. Schott, 15... more

[The elaborate device of Franz Birckmann, a Cologne bookseller, showin...

Illus. in: Opera of St. Cyrillus (1520). Reference copy may be in LOT 4966. This record contains unverified, old data from caption card. Caption card tracings: Shelf.

[Architectural title page of Commentaria ... super anatomia mudini bor...

Title page in: Commentaria ... super anatomia mudini / Jacopo di Berengario. [Bononiae : Impressum per H. da Benedictis, 1521]. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Libr... more

Praeclara Ferdina[n]di Cortesii de noua maris oceani Hyspania narratio...

[Design by Albrecht Dürer for 16th century fortification]

Title devised by Library staff. Illus. in: Etliche Underricht zu Befestigung der Stett, Schloss und Flecken / Albrecht Dürer. [Nürenberg : 1527]. Published in: The tradition of technology : Landmarks of Western... more

[German cupeling furnace with a brick dome and a cupeling hearth with ...

Illus. and text in: De la pirotechnia / Vannuccio Biringucci. Venetia : Per V. Roffinello, 1540, p. 58. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1987, p. 180.

[Solar system diagram with seven planets in circular orbits, the earth...

Illus. and text in: Da revolutionibus orbium coelestium / Nicolaus Copernicus. Norimbergae : Apud I. Peteium, 1543. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congr... more

Passau. septen trio Coloniæ Ubior cum gratia et priuilegio ; LA monogr...

Print shows a bird's-eye view of Passau from the south with the Inn River in the foreground and the Danube River in the background; also shows a man and a woman walking at bottom center with another woman and a... more

[Person with crossed eyes, head-and-shoulders view]

Illus. in: Ophthalmodouleia / George Bartisch. [Dresden : Gedruckt durch M. Stockwel], 1583, p. 13. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1987, p. 147.

[Person with crossed eyes wearing corrective mask, head-and-shoulders ...

Illus. in: Ophthalmodouleia / George Bartisch. [Dresden : Gedruckt durch M. Stockwel], 1583, p. 15. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1987, p. 147.

Ordenliche Beschreibung mit was ... Ceremonien ... die Röm. Kay. May. ...

[Manfred seated and pointing to two knelling men with falcons]

Illus. in: De arte venandi cum avibus / Friedrich II, Emperor of Germany. Augustae Vindelicorum, Apud I. Praetorium, 1596. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library o... more

Friderico des IIII. Pfaltzgraun vnd Churfursten den 21 Martÿ Anno 1598...

Picture shows procession of horse-drawn wagons, people, advancing through an arched doorway into the walled city identified as Normberg [Nuremberg]. The procession is visible as it exits the city and over the h... more

[Title page of Alchymia, with figures of Galen and Aristotle, and scen...

Psalmus 98, Freiburg, 19 Nov. 1615

Hic est draco caudum suam devorans

Dragon or ouroboros devouring itself by the tail, and text of epigram in alchemical emblem book. Illus. and text in: Atalanta fugiens / Michael Maier. Oppenheimii : Es typographia H. Galleri, sumptibus J.T. de ... more

Die erste Figur darinnen der Scharmützel dess Bayrischen Volcks mit de...

Print shows birds-eye view of the skirmish between forces of the Holy Roman Empire, Bavaria and Bohemia in a valley along a small river and swamp with troops in formation on opposite sides of a bridge. Troops i... more

Eigentlicher Abriss der vor vnüberwintlichen gehaltnen vnd in der vnde...

Print shows birds-eye view of the battlefield and troop formations along the confluence of the Neckar River and the Rhine River at Mannheim during the siege of Mannheim which the Duke of Tilly occupied between ... more

Wahre vnd eygentliche Abcontrafactur sampt gewissem Bericht der blutig...

Print shows birds-eye view of the battlefield and troop formations along the Neckar River between Heilbronn and Wimpfen during the Battle of Wimpfen on May 6, 1622. Under Spanish Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba an... more

Eigentliche Abbildung der Churfürstlichen Hauptstatt Heydelberg Wie si...

Print shows a birds-eye view of Heidelberg on the Necker River with towers, bridges, churches, castle, etc. Also shows riders on horseback, city views and encampment beyond the city. Includes activities and loc... more

Thion Ville vera discrittione et ritrato di Thionuille fortezza in esp...

Print shows the walled city of Thionville in France surrounded by cannons with troops breaching a wall. Spanish forces forced the French army out of the besieged Thionville in 1639 during the Thirty Years' War... more

Abriss der blutigen Schlacht so ihr Exc. Grave Tÿlli. Kaÿs. Gen. dem K...

Print shows a birds-eye view of the Battle of Lutter (Lutter am Barenberge) from August 1626 between the troops of Christian IV of Denmark against the forces of Emperor Ferdinand II led by Johan Tzerclaes, Coun... more

Welcher Gestalt der Röm. Keys. Mayest. Herr Feld Marschalck der Wohl E...

Print shows birds-eye view of the siege of the German Baltic port city of Stralsund by Holy Roman Empire field marshall Hans Georg von Arnim's troops against Swedish and Danish troops on May 12, 1628. Print sho... more

Kurtzer Abriss vnd Warhafftige Beschreibung Was gestalt Ihr Königl. Ma...

Print shows a birds-eye view of the city of Mainz, Germany with towers and other buildings on the shore of the Rhine and Main rivers. Also visible are boats in the harbor and a long boat with soldiers arriving ... more

Eroberung der Stadt Würtzburg in Francken vnd Vesten Schlosses daselbs...

Print shows a birds-eye view of the walled city of Würzburg, Germany with its castle on the hill on the opposite side of the Main River as it looked before the siege by troops under the command of Swedish King ... more

Warhafftiger und Natürlicher

People standing before the city walls of Nuremberg, viewing the image of a lion, which miraculously appeared on the wall; text below image. Unprocessed in PR 06 CN 789.

Abriss vnd Beschreibung der Churfürstl. Residentz-Statt Maintz wie die...

Print shows a birds-eye view of the city of Mainz, Germany with towers and other buildings on the shore of the Rhine and Main rivers. Also visible are boats in the harbor and a long boat with soldiers arriving ... more

Waarhafftige Abbildung und Beschreibung dess grossen unnd gewaltigen T...

Birds-eye view engraving shows the battlefield outside of Leipzig, Germany between Swedish and Saxon troops in September 1631. Includes views of troop formations and the location of the city of Leipzig. Key loc... more

Schlacht Ordnvng I. May in Schweden vnd I. Chvrf. Dvrchl. Zu Sachsen v...

Print shows two birds-eye views of the battlefield outside of Leipzig, Germany between Swedish and Saxon troops on September 7, 1631. Includes views of troop formations, roads, fields, villages. Includes detail... more

Warhafftige Abbildung vnd Beschreibung dess grossen vnd gewaltigen Tre...

Birds-eye view engraving shows the battlefield outside of Leipzig, Germany between Swedish and Saxon troops in September 1631. Includes views of troop formations and the location of the city of Leipzig. Troop g... more

Ein Kurtz--Jedoch nachdenktlich Bespräch--eines Fuches und Katzen

A fox tied to a tree, a cat, lying as if dead, with a rat in its mouth, an open rat cage and rats; across the river, Magdeburg burns; text below image.

Abbildung der zwar hoch betrübten ...

Mock funeral procession for the heavy imperial taxes levied on the Protestants but lost after the Protestant victory at Breitenfeld. A similar copy, with different text, is filed under PC 6 - 1632 (B size).

Eygentliche der Stadt Rotenburg vff der Tauber abbildung nebenst kurtz...

Print shows a birds-eye view of the walled city of Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Germany with its many towers. Also visible are troops firing cannons, soldiers in formation, soldiers on horseback during the sacking... more

Eigentlicher Abriss auch Waarhafftiger Bericht wie es mit Eroberung de...

Engraving shows the fortified city of Magdeburg, Germany under attack in 1631. Smoke and flames are seen in parts of the city. Also shown are locations of additional fortifications and locations of troops on th... more

Der Warner

Anti-Catholic lampoon, in which a messenger warns of Jesuit schemes after the Catholic defeats on the field. Issued after Tilly's defeat at Rain on 15-16 April 1632.

Lob vnd Klagspruch der Augspurischen Confession uber die ritterlichen ...

Print shows the dead King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden lying on his back under a tree above the battle plaing near Lutzen. Depicted standing next to him is the Virgin Mary. The Swedish king was killed in the Bat... more

King Louis the Fourteenth of France and the Battle of Vigo Bay

Print shows King Louis XIV of France holding a scroll in his right hand and a hat in his left hand. Behind him are ships in the water and a plume of fire and smoke. Above him are reproductions of a medalion and... more

Abris der herrlichen Victori welche ihr Kön. Maii. zu Schweden bey Ero...

Print shows two birds-eye views battlefields outside of Freystadt, Germany on August 1 and at Altenberg, outside of Nuremberg on August 24, 1632. Indicated on the upper image are different towns and villages in... more

Wahrhaffte Relation desz von Gott verlihenen Sigs welche die Königl. M...

Print shows birds-eye view of the map of the battlefield outside of Freystadt, Germany in 1632. Also indicated on the map are different towns and villages including Fürth, Nuremberg, Lauff, Schwabach, Rott and ... more

Eigentliche Abcontrafactur und gründliche Beschreibung der abermals he...

Print shows birds-eye view of the battlefield and formation of troops outside of Hessisch Oldendorf on the Weser River in June 18, 1633 between the Swedish and Hessian armies under George, Duke of Brunswick-Lün... more

Warhafte Verzeichnuss des Treffens so Zwischen den Schwedischen vnd Lo...

Print shows birds eye view of the battle field and formation of troops outside of Pfaffenhofen. Indicated on the print are letters A-N, with no key. Also identified in the picture are the towns of Liechtenberg ... more

Der statt Constantz gelagenheit vnd Belagerung Im September Anno 1633

Print shows birds eye view from the south of Konstanz on the shore of Lake Constance at the mouth of the Rhine River. Also shwn are the towns of Reichenau, Gottlieben, Pettershusen [Petershausen], Almenstorff [... more

Conterfe dess durchleuchtigen Hochgebornen Fürsten vnnd Herrn Herrn Be...

Birds-eye view engraving shows Prince Bernard of Saxe-Weimar on charging horse in the left foreground above the valley where the city of Regensburg on the Danube and the hills beyond are seen. Allegorical image... more

Eigentlicher Abriss welcher gestalt die Stadt Hameln von Ihrer Fürstl....

Print shows two birds-eye views battlefields of Hameln and near present day Hessich-Oldendorf, Germany in June/July 1633. The upper image shows the fortifications around the city of Hameln located on the conflu... more

Eygentliche Contrafactur der Statt Sachsenhausen wie dieselbige von de...

Birds-eye view print shows the Alte Brücke [Old Bridge] on the Main River between Frankfurt and Sachsenhausen during battle in August 1635 when imperialist troops captured Sachsenhausen that had been occupied b... more

Preisachischer Accordts Puncten Extract so zwischen der Röm. Kais. Maj...

Birds-eye view print shows map of the area around Breisach on the Rhine during the siege in 1638. Also shown are troop encampments, fortifications and positions of troops. Includes added etched explanatory key ... more

Eigentliche Abbildung der Belägerung Wolffenbüttel sampt dem treffen s...

Birds-eye view print shows map of the area around Wolfenbüttel, Germany during the battle in 1641. Also shown is the giant dam erected on the Oker River to flood the city. Also shown are troop encampments, city... more

Delineatio der Statt Newburg am waldt vnd wie selbige durch die Röm. K...

Birds-eye view print shows the walled city of Neuburg and the river Schwarzach in Germany surrounded by formations of troops around the outside perimeter. The edge of a forest is visible in the foreground, hill... more

Belagerung der Stadt Wolffenbüttel im Jar 1641

Print shows birds eye view of the walled city of Wolffenbüttel in 1641 with views of troop formations, fortifications, the village of Fimmelsen, the Oker River and other geographic features. The Swedish army oc... more

Kurtze und eigentliche Entwerffung der schweren Belägerung so die Stad...

Birds-eye view engraving shows the walled city of Leipzig, Germany under siege by Swedish forces in 1642. Includes inset pictures of the castle fortress of Pleissenburg before and during the shelling and inset ... more

Eigentliche Delineation welcher gestalt die Frantzesisch Weinmarische ...

Birds-eye view engraving shows map of the area around the small city of Tuttlingen on the Danube river during the battle on November 24, 1643. Includes locations of troops on the left flank under G. Hatzfeld [M... more

Wahrhaffter vnd in Grundgelegter Abriss der Kays. Reichstatt Vberlinge...

Birds-eye view print shows the plan of the city of Überlingen on the shore of Lake Constance in 1644 looking north across out from the shoreline. Remainder of the title relates that the city fell into the hands... more

Praecipua Crventaeo illivs pvgnae, inter Elect. Bauari. et Galliarum R...

Print shows birds eye view of the battlefield formation of troops during the battle of Nördlingen from August 3,1645. Includes view of the village of Allerheim under fire in the center between the castles of Al... more

Obsidivm Memmingiae 1647 Belagerung der Reichsstatt Memmingen von dem ...

Print shows birds eye view of the village of Memmingen during the siege between September 9 and November 14, 1647. The village had been in control of the Swedish army but was under attack by Bavarian forces for... more

Eygentlicher Abriss der Belagerung dess H. Rom. Reichs Stadt Lindau we...

Birds-eye view print shows the plan of the city of Lindau on the shore of Lake Constance during the siege by the Swedish army in 1647. Included are views of ships on the lake, formation of troops and key landma... more

De Nova stella, anni 1572

New star discovered in 1572 by Tycho Brahe in the constellation Cassopeia. Illus. in: Opera omnia / Tycho Brahe. Francofurti: Impensis I.G. Schweteri, 1648, p. 235. Published in: The tradition of science / Leon... more

[Cassiopeia constellation depicted as Cassiopeia in chair, with key to...

Illus. in: Opera omnia / Tycho Brahe. Francofurti : Impensis I.G. Schoweteri, 1648, p. 236. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1987, p. 33.

[Moon as solid body with irregular surface features in first telescopi...

Illus. and text in: Syderus nuncius. In Opere di Galileo Galilei. Vol. 2. Bononiae : HH. de Ducijs, 1655 p. 14. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress,... more

Obsidio Vrbis Monasterii in Westphallis, Ao. M.D.C.LVII Eigentliche De...

Print shows birds eye view of Münster under siege from August until October 1657. Locations of different troops are numbered 1 through 51 and activities are labeled A-D and are identified along the left and rig... more

Münster in Westphalen, Vor der Belägerúng Belägerúng Münster. So von I...

Print shows birds-eye view of two images of Münster in Westphalia, before and during the siege in August 1657. Top image includes view of the walled city with its fortifications, church steeples & spires and wi... more

Demmin assediato e preso dal Generale Conte Montecvccoli Anno MDCLVIII

Birds-eye view print shows plan of the fortifications and battlefield around Demmin, Germany surrounded by Tollense and Peene rivers during siege by troops under Italian general Raimondo Montecuccoli against Sw... more

Damm citta di Pomerania assediata e presa dal barone de Juchee general...

Birds-eye view print shows plan of the fortified city Demmin in Pomerania (Germany) in 1659 with view of the "Lago" at the top of the print. Includes views of troop locations and other fortifications during sie... more

Assedio della Citta di Mvnster Anno 1661 G. Bouttats, fecit

Birds-eye view print shows map of the area around Münster in Westphalia (Germany) during a siege in 1661. After the Thirty Years' War, Münster attempted to rise to the rank of a free imperial city but loss to f... more

[Teams of horses trying unsuccessfully to pull apart vacuum-filled cop...

[Johannes Hevelius and assistant using six-foot sextant to measure ang...

Illus. in: Machinae coelestis / Johannes Hevelius. Gedani : Auctoris typis, & sumtibus, impremebat S. Reiniger, 1673-1679. Published in: The tradition of science / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library o... more

Grund-Riss und Beschreibung der Stadt Wissmar Wie auch ein vollkommene...

Birds-eye view print shows plan of Wismar, Germany with view of its fortress and other fortifciations and key landmarks within the town in 1675 as it was seized and captured by Danish forces. Elements in print ... more

Der rechte Geometrische Grund-Riss, Der von den Schweden im Hertzogthu...

Birds-eye view print shows plan of the fortress of Carolsburg built on the confluence of the Geest and Weser Rivers, Germany in 1675 with a depiction of the villages of Geestendorf and Lehe to the south. Includ... more

Der kayserlichen residenz - stadt Wien / von Leonhard Loschge, buchhæn...

Print shows the battle of Vienna, September 12, 1683, with numerous engagements among various forces in the near and middle distance, and Vienna in the background separated from the fighting by "the Vienna Rive... more

[Siege and relief of Vienna in 1683, with portraits of Ernst Rudiger v...

Illus. in: Der Turckische Schau-Platz erofnet und ..., Hamburg, T. von Wiering, 1685. cf: Victory at Vienna: The Ottoman Siege of 1683, p. 22 and p. 23. This record contains unverified data from caption card. C... more

Die von den Barbarischen Frantzosen erbärmlich-zugerichtete und verlas...

Print shows a birds-eye view of Heidelberg, Germany with the bridge over the Neckar River, the castle and the city itself in flames as it is being attacked by French troops in 1689. Also visible are boats in th... more

Postierungs Charte wie der Hlg. Aliirten Völcker ligen

Hand colored and lettered map shows shows the area around Vaihingen an der Enz, Germany in 1691. Drawn lines radiate from Vaihingen to locations around the map. Includes locations of villages and towns, mountai... more

Campement der Kayserlich- und Hohen Allijerten Armee, zwischen Heilbru...

Print shows a plan identifying troop formations, cities and landmarks along the Neckar River between Heilbronn, Horcheim and Lauffen in 1693. Locations and activities in the print are numbered 1-62 with explana... more

Die beängstigte und durch tapffere Gegenwehr vertheidigte Vestung Rhei...

Birds-eye view print shows Rheinfels castle on the opposite side of the Rhine river "Rhenus Fluvius" of the city of St. Goar, Germany under attack. Print also shows troop formations, cannons firing at Rhinefels... more

Die berühmbte Vestung Rotenberg

Print shows a birdseye view of the walled fortress of Rothenberg, under siege [from 1703?]. Shows trajectories of cannon fire into the fortress from sites below. Includes a key for 12 identified items in the pr... more

Imperium Romano-Germanicum.

Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image.

Wahrhaffte und Eigentlich Abbildung der Linien bey Stollhofen und Ober...

Print shows map of the area around Rastatt and Oberkirch depicting the fortifications on the Sulzbach River between Stollhofen and Bühl, Germany constructed during 1703 during the War of the Spanish Succession.... more

Eigentliche Vorstell- und Beschreibung der Belagerung und endlich erfo...

Birds eye view print shows the fortification of Kaiserswerth on the bank of the Rhine River. Depicted are troops on an island, ships arriving with reinforcements, the walled city in flames and hills in the back... more

Mouvements der Allÿrten und Frantz Sösischen Armée zvischen Donawert u...

Two battles on the Danube in 1703 and 1704

Two prints glued together show the maps of the areas of two sites along the Danube River where battles were fought in 1703 and 1704. The top print shows a map along the Danube River between Gundelfingen and Don... more

Die von denen Kayserlichen Hohen Alliirten belagerte und Heldenmütig e...

Birds eye view print shows the walled city of Bonn on the bank of the Rhine River under attack by cannons on the opposite side of the river. In the foreground are troops, cannons, generals on horseback and sold... more

Die von denen Chur-Bayrischen Truppen des 31. Jan. berennte und den 3t...

Print shows birds-eye view of the city of Neuburg on the Danube River in Bavaria during a battle in January 1703. Shown is the city, the Danube River and an encampment of soldiers and horses on the banks of the... more

Höchst-erfreuliche Vorstellung und beglaubte Victori so die Kayserlich...

Birds-eye view print shows battlefield with troops surrounding the fortress city of Landau (Landau an der Pfaltz), Germany. Four sieges of the city took place between 1702 and 1713, this print depicts the actio... more

La battaille de Hoechstedt remporte par le hauté Alliez sur les Franco...

Hand colored birds-eye view print shows view of the battlefield near the city of Höchstädt, Germany on August 13, 1704 when troops from the Austrian imperial army and its allies fought and won against combined ... more

[Map showing battle lines in vicinity of Donauwörth, Germany].

Relief shown by hachures. German. Title supplied by cataloger. Date from index. Pen-and-ink and watercolors. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Indexed.

Accords-Puncta der Stadt und Vestung Landau ... Stephan Maystetter, ex...

Birds-eye view print shows plan of the fortress city of Landau (Landau an der Pfaltz), Germany and map with surrounding villages of Damm, Queichheim and Godramstein as well as locations of mills and chapels. In... more

Eigentliche Vorstell- und Abbildung des am Maria Heimsuchungs Fest als...

Birds-eye view print shows view of the battle of Schellenberg outside of the city of Donauwörth, Germany on July 2, 1704 when troops from the Austrian imperial army and its allies fought against combined French... more

Allerfreulichste Vorstellung und Beschreibung der durch glücklich sieg...

Birds-eye view print shows view of the fortress city of Landau (Landau an der Pfaltz), Germany surrounded by troops. Volleys of cannon are being shot into the city. In the right foreground are a group of noblem... more