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Type of child refugee in the refugee station at Kowel. The Interallied Medical Commission sent by the League of Red Cross Societies to investigate the typhus situation in Poland found that 2% of these refugees are infected with typhus and that relapsing fever and dysentery are also prevalent. Unless adequate delousing and disinfecting stations can be maintained through which these refugees shall pass before penetrating into the interior they will spread typhus and other infectious diseases in a manner that will be a menace not only to Poland but to Western Europe and America

Type of child refugee in the refugee station at Kowel. The Interallied...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Children) On caption card: (97) Gift; Am... More

Types of Polish Refugees in the refugee camp at Kowel. During their retreat of 1915 the Russians forcibly evacuated a considerable proportion of the Polish population and destroyed the habitations so as to leave a barren desert to the enemy. Now these refugees are straggling back through the Polish lines into Poland, and it was estimated that between a million and a quarter and a million and a half would return from Russia and Siberia between June and the coming of winter

Types of Polish Refugees in the refugee camp at Kowel. During their re...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC. Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Refugees) On caption card: (111) Gift; ... More

Type of Bolshevik soldiers in a prison camp at Kowel

Type of Bolshevik soldiers in a prison camp at Kowel

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Prisoners) On caption card: (55) Gift; A... More

Types of Bolshevik officers in the prison camp at Kowel. Most of the typhus infection in Poland comes from Russia, and new cases are constantly being introduced by prisoners of war. These prisoners of war are given the same medical attention as the Polish soldiers, and the army medical authorities are endeavoring to check the infection, although they are terribly handicapped by the lack of soap, medicines, disinfectants, and the most essential hospital equipment

Types of Bolshevik officers in the prison camp at Kowel. Most of the t...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Prisoners) On caption card: (54) Gift; A... More

Wounded Polish refugee in refugee camp at Kowel

Wounded Polish refugee in refugee camp at Kowel

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Refugees) On caption card: (80) Gift; Am... More

Types of Polish refugees in the refugee camp at Kowel. The Interallied Medical Commission sent by the League of Red Cross Societies to investigate the typhus situation in Poland found that 2% of these refugee are infected with typhus and that relapsing fever and dysentery are also prevalent. Unless adequate delousing and disinfecting stations can be maintained through which these refugees shall pass before penetrating into the interior they will spread typhus and other infectious diseases in a manner that will not only be a menace to Poland but to Western Europe and America. The Polish Ministry of Public Health and the Army Medical Service are dealing with the situation as actively as their meager resources permit, but they are greatly handicapped by the lack of soap, disinfectants, drugs, sheets, blankets, food and trained personnel. The commission has reported that this is a matter of international moment, and it considers that wide spread epidemics will occur this winter unless the most active measures are taken to stamp out typhus in Poland and prevent its spread to Western Europe and America

Types of Polish refugees in the refugee camp at Kowel. The Interallied...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Refugees) On caption card: (51) Gift; Am... More

Typical group of Bolshevik prisoners in the prison camps at Kowel. Most of the typhus infection in Poland comes from Russia, and new cases are constantly being introduced by prisoners of war. These prisoners of war are given the same medical attention as the Polish soldiers, and the army medical authorities are endeavoring to check the infection, although they are terribly handicapped by the lack of soap, medicines, disinfectants and the most essential hospital equipment

Typical group of Bolshevik prisoners in the prison camps at Kowel. Mos...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Prisoners) On caption card: (P39) Gift; ... More

Bolshevik prisoners in a Polish prison camp at Kowel. Most of the typhus infection in Poland comes from Russia, and new cases are constantly being introduced by prisoners of war. These prisoners of war are given the same medical attention as the Polish soldiers, and the army medical authorities are endeavoring to check the infection, although they are terribly handicapped by the lack of soap, medicines, disinfectants, and the most essential hospital equipment

Bolshevik prisoners in a Polish prison camp at Kowel. Most of the typh...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC. Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Prisoners) On caption card: (114) Gift;... More

Types of Bolshevik prisoner at Kowel. Most of the typhus infection in Poland comes from Russia, and new cases are constantly being introduced by prisoners of war. These prisoners of war are given the same medical attention as the Polish soldiers, and the army medical authorities are endeavoring to check the infection, although they are terribly handicapped by the lack of soap, medicines, disinfectants, and the most essential hospital equipment

Types of Bolshevik prisoner at Kowel. Most of the typhus infection in ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Prisoners) On caption card: (76) Gift; A... More

Bolshevik prisoners in a Polish prison camp at Kowel. Most of the typhus infection in Poland comes from Russia, and new cases are constantly being introduced by prisoners of war. These prisoners of war are given the same medical attention as the Polish soldiers, and the army medical authorities are endeavoring to check the infection, although they are terribly handicapped by the lack of soap, medicines, disinfectants, and the most essential hospital equipment

Bolshevik prisoners in a Polish prison camp at Kowel. Most of the typh...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC. Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Prisoners) On caption card: (113) Gift;... More

Bolshevik prisoners in a Polish prison camp at Kowel. Most of the typhus infection in Poland comes from Russia and new cases are constantly being introduced by prisoners of war. These prisoners of war are given the same medical attention as the Polsih soldiers, and the army medical authorities are endeavoring to check the infection, although they are terribly handicapped by the lack of soap, medicines, disinfectants, and the most essential hospital equipment

Bolshevik prisoners in a Polish prison camp at Kowel. Most of the typh...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Prisoners) On caption card: (5) Gift; Americ... More

Bolshevik officers in the prison camp at Kowel, Poland. The Interallied Medical Commission sent by the League of Red Cross Societies to study the typhus situation in Poland found that infection is constantly being carried into the country from the East by prisoners of War. It was noted that the prisoners are given the same food and medical attention as the Polish soldiers

Bolshevik officers in the prison camp at Kowel, Poland. The Interallie...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC, Paris Office. Group title: Poland (Prisoners) On caption card: (26) Gift; Am... More

Helping Poland Help Herself: At every railway station in Poland the people gather to welcome the Red Cross. A scene at Kowel, a city of 22,000. The children carried paper flags of the Allies. The stations were decorated with pine trees

Helping Poland Help Herself: At every railway station in Poland the pe...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Comm. to Poland. Group title: Poland. Used in: Divisions, 5/29/19. Gift; Amer... More

Types of Polish refugees in the refugee camp at Kowel. During their retreat of 1915 the Russians forcibly evacuated a considerable proportion of the Polish population and destroyed the habitations so as to leave a barren desert to the enemy. Now these refugees are straggling back through the Polish lines into Poland and it was estimated that between a million and a quarter and a million and a half would return from Russia and Siberia between June and the coming of winter

Types of Polish refugees in the refugee camp at Kowel. During their re...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland (Refugees) On caption card: (25) Gift; Am... More

Members of the Interallied Medical Commission sent by the League of Red Cross Societies to study the typhus situation in Poland leaving the military hospital at Kowel after a conference with the local military medical authorities. From a population of 30,000 people before the war Kowel is now reduced to 24,000 inhabitants. In the surrounding district approximately one-fourth of the population has died of typhus, entire villages having been wiped out. The local medical authorities realize the seriousness of the present epidemic, but they are terribly handicapped in their efforts by the lack of medicines, supplies, hospital equipment and trained personnel. The Commission has recommended united effort to deal effectively with the situation in Poland and prevent the spread of typhus to Western Europe and America

Members of the Interallied Medical Commission sent by the League of Re...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Capt. Marshall. Group title: Poland. On caption card: (39) Used in: Tech. Tra... More