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Winding down into Montenegro. "It takes a crooked snake to make these turns," said and American doughboy chauffeur, describing the road to Podgoritza

Winding down into Montenegro. "It takes a crooked snake to make these ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC, Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro (Transportation) Gift; American Nation... More

Wanted: American Machinery. Utterly incapable of grinding the corn that is offered here, the miller of this humble institution in Podgoritza, Montenegro, wants some American milling machinery. While making a sanitary survey of the mountain streams of this country American Red Cross workers came across many little mills like this and found the demand general for improved grinding facilities. These mills are centuries old but still follow methods practiced in the Dark Ages

Wanted: American Machinery. Utterly incapable of grinding the corn tha...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: Supplies, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/1982) Used i... More

American Hit Undertakers Hard. An undertaker of Podgoritza, Montenegro, on the way to the home of the corpse. There are no hearses so he had to carry the coffin to the house of the dead on his head. Before the American Red Cross arrived in Montenegro, the undertaker business was flourishing. But the establishment of hospitals, dispensaries, mobile medical units and orphanages in the country the Americans have reduced the deathrate greatly. It is customary for the friend of the deceased to gather about the home of the departed one upon the arrival of the undertaker, wail for hours and beat their breast as evidence of their grief. After this the coffin, with the corpses exposed, is carried in relays by the mourners to the cemetery

American Hit Undertakers Hard. An undertaker of Podgoritza, Montenegro...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Gen. Montenegro. On caption card: (12946) Used in:... More

Women Who Know What War Means. A Montenegrin Mother and her daughter on their way to market with the product of their tiny farm outside of Podgoritza. The father and son of this family fell in the war and for five years, these two women have been living off the product of a half acre of rocky land. This crop of hay, they raised and gathered themselves. Now they are toting it on their backs to market. They did not know of the generosity that America was offering their land, and were surprised when stopped by an American Red Cross Officer and told that if they were in need of clothing and food, the Red Cross would supply them. The bundle of garments at the mothers feet was their present from America. It is the first new clothes they have had in five years

Women Who Know What War Means. A Montenegrin Mother and her daughter o...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Markets, Montenegro. Formerly 08576. On caption ca... More

Montenegron Girls at Study Outdoors. Girls of the Junior Red Cross of America farm school colony at 'Branilovitza' near Podgoritza deep in their studies. Out of 118 orphans in attendance at the School only 18 are girls. They are learning to keep house, American fashion and are thououghly interested in all branches of domestic science as to girls in the United States

Montenegron Girls at Study Outdoors. Girls of the Junior Red Cross of ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Data: Junior Red Cross. Group title: Children. Montenegro. Gift; Am... More

Nature as a landlord. Among the mountains of Montenegro there are hundreds of people living in natural caves, their homes having been destroyed during the War. This picture shows Miss Olivia E. Hamilton, of American Red Cross worker on one of her rounds distributing relief supplies to these families. It was taken at the entrance to one of the caves near Podgoritza where thirty three women and children were living. The baby in the picture has just been clad in a Red Cross outfit and Miss Hamilton is trying to get an expression of proper appreciation out of him

Nature as a landlord. Among the mountains of Montenegro there are hund...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro (Children) On caption card: (12978) Use... More

"Don't cry little girl, don't cry" says Lieut. Col. Frederick Keppel, Washington D.C. Director of American Red Cross Foreign Relief, to a little Montenegrin waif found living on scraps of food in one of the numerous mountain caves near Podgoritza. The child with many others were found by American Red Cross workers, begging by day and sleeping thirty in a cave at night. They are all War Orphans and are now being cared for by the American Relief Organization

"Don't cry little girl, don't cry" says Lieut. Col. Frederick Keppel, ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC, Paris Office. Group title: Personnel, Montenegro. On caption card: (11689) U... More

Something New in Taxing Line. A scene at Podgoritza, Montenegro, showing the housing conditions. Note that there is not a chimney in sight. As there was a tax on chimney in the country under the old regime, the people preferred to let the smoke from their fires find an outlet through the windows. This led to a prevalence of eye and other diseases. American Red Cross doctors doing relief work in Montenegro say that the chimney tax scheme led to conditions that have made 60 percent of the civilian population tubercular. To combat this the Red Cross has inaugurated an educational campaign on sanitary living conditions

Something New in Taxing Line. A scene at Podgoritza, Montenegro, showi...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: Gen. Montenegro. On caption card: (11695) Gift; Americ... More

Sour milk markets in Montenegro. 'Clabber' or sour milk, a leading article of diet among Balkan peoples and believed by some scientifists to be responsible for longevity, is being sold here in the public market of Podgoritza. It is not used in any such quantities as formerly on account of the shortage of milk but it is something the people would rather have than almost any other food. No milk substitutes are to be had to take the place of pure milk for the starved, anemic children and the condensed brands supplied by the Junior Red Cross of America have answered a great need in orphanages and hospitals

Sour milk markets in Montenegro. 'Clabber' or sour milk, a leading art...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: Markets, Montenegro. Gift; American National Red Cross... More

Ox cart carrying patient to American Red Cross Hospital, Podgoritza, Montenegro, a common means of transporting sick people

Ox cart carrying patient to American Red Cross Hospital, Podgoritza, M...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: A.R.C. Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro, Transportation. Used in: Red Cross ... More

A Marvelous Transformation. A series of three pictures illustrating the "before and after" periods of American Red Cross clothing distribution in Montenegro. The Raggedest Man in Montenegro. With clothes that were patched, darned and held together by bits of twine, shedding ravelings at almost every step, this man wandered into the market place at Podgoritza with a goat which he spent four years in a mountain cave during the Austrian occupation of the country with the goat as his only companion. With the money secured from its sale he set out to buy some clothes but could find no garment that could be bought at that price. He was picked up by Lieut. Col. H.L. Fairclough of Leland Stanford University, director of the American Red Cross work in Montenegro, as the raggedest of all ragged men in the country, and taken to the Red Cross relief station

A Marvelous Transformation. A series of three pictures illustrating th...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: Types, Montenegro. On caption card: (12995), (12996), ... More

Lost Soles. Illustrating the conditions as regards footwear that exist in Southern Europe today. The picture shows the feet of a mother and son who came to the American Red Cross station in Podgoritza, Montenegro, asking for aid. During the war, many soldiers went shoeless, even in winter, several thousand losing their legs as a result of frozen feet. Red Cross doctors say that 25 percent of the winter illness in these countries today is caused by lack of proper clothing and foot protection. The American relief organization has already distributed several tons of used American clothing and shoes in Montenegro

Lost Soles. Illustrating the conditions as regards footwear that exist...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Supplies, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/1899) Us... More

A prodigal protege. A little blonde haired Montenegrin waif picked up on the road by Lieut. Col. Frederick Keppel, director of American Red Cross foreign relief, of Washington, during the Red Cross executive's trip through the Balkans. The little girl lost her parents during the war and had been begging by day and living with 31 other waifs in a cave near Podgoritza. She was placed in the American Red Cross school at Cettinje wear the rags she wears in the photo were exchanged for warm American clothes. She is now getting regular meals, living in sanitary surroundings and learning the three "R's"

A prodigal protege. A little blonde haired Montenegrin waif picked up ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro (Children) On caption card: 11706. Used... More

Saving Montenegro's Starving War Orphans. In a sunny hospital ward at Podgoritza, Junior Red Cross nurses are saving many war orphans of Montenegro. The little boy, a tubercular, in the aisle has a stunt that pleases and amuses every hospital visitor. He salutes gravely to welcome the newcomer. The nurses here shown are Miss Minnie T. Buelhauser of N.Y.C., & Miss H.A. Wiltzius of Chicago

Saving Montenegro's Starving War Orphans. In a sunny hospital ward at ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro, Hospitals. Used in: Slides Maj. Dexter... More

The Baker of Podgoritza had a most unsanitary and careless way of delivering bread to families in Podgoritza, Montenegro, when the American Red Cross came to town. Frequently the whole line of loaves would fall from the board to the ground and be picked up and delivered. Many evil sources of contamination have been eliminated in Montenegro with a surprising decrease in the mortality tables

The Baker of Podgoritza had a most unsanitary and careless way of deli...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC. Major Dexter. Group title: Montenegro. Used in: Slide for Major Dexter. Gift... More

Sunday Church Parade in the Raib. Podgoritza, Montenegro, like New York, U.S.A. has its fashionable church parade on Sunday morning. This long line of people is leaving the Greek Orthodox church on King Peter of Serbia's name day, a big church day. While the churchgoers are mostly women, the entire population is more than usually religious. About twenty five percent of the people, according to statistics gathered by the American Red Cross, profess Mohammedanism, the introduction of this religion dating back to the Turkish conquests of a portion of Montenegro many decades ago

Sunday Church Parade in the Raib. Podgoritza, Montenegro, like New Yor...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: General, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/1483) Used in... More

Houses of Gasoline Tins. Since the invasion of the enemy during which many houses in Montenegro were destroyed, any material that can be turned in to a shelter is used. This shows what several enterprising families did with gasoline tins that they salvaged from the American Red Cross garage, which furnishes transportation for the distribution of relief supplies in the district around Podgoritza. The cans were flattened out and pieced together with solder, wire, nails, and any other available means. These shacks are the result. Part of the devastation wrought in Podgoritza by the war can be seen in the roofless and town houses in the background

Houses of Gasoline Tins. Since the invasion of the enemy during which ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Gen. Montenegro. On caption card: (1/1841) Gift; A... More

American children and their friends. At the Junior Red Cross of America home for destitute orphans in Podgoritza these Montenegrin war waifs knew the whole hearted generosity of American school children, and their desire to soften their tired lives with comforting gifts and sympathy. Until now, they have known little but hunger and drifting unclad from place to place. Now they are having lessons in the orphanage and learning to spin and weave and perform numberous useful tasks. Children of this backward country have suffered unbelievably during and since the war. Education was practically unknown here, and what few schools existed before the war, usually under Russian supervision, were demolished or the buildings commandeered for military purposes so that "Junior" aid is striking deep into the roots of their misery in offering them their first educational opportunities

American children and their friends. At the Junior Red Cross of Americ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Data: Junior Red Cross. Group title: Children, Montenegro. Gift... More

A record medical practice. Dr. Joseph F. Jares of Chicago (center) has treated 12,000 ailing natives of Montenegro, during his first six months as medical director of the American Red Cross unit to that Balkan country. He is photographed with his staff of native assistants whom he has trained himself at the Red Cross hospital in Podgoritza. Dr. Jaros is the best known doctor in the country, having given some personal attention to each one of these thousands of cases. Before joining the American Red Cross in Montenegro, Jr. Jaros had served with distinction in the American Expeditionary Forces in France

A record medical practice. Dr. Joseph F. Jares of Chicago (center) has...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Personnel, Montenegro. On caption card: (12/1287) ... More

Back in '61. These Montenegrin veterans were fighting and they are still at it more or less of the time today. During the past five years they fought a common enemy, the Austrians. Now that the Austrians have been driven out, they have picked up their old internal troubles where they were dropped in 1914. As a result of this lack of cohesive government Montenegro today is one of the most destitute countries in Europe despite the fact that its people are the most hardworking, patient and honest. This picture is an illustration of their condition. These men came as far as forty miles to the American Red Cross clothing distribution in Podgoritza on the day this picture was taken

Back in '61. These Montenegrin veterans were fighting and they are sti...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Gen. Montenegro. On caption card: (12941) Gift; Am... More

Winding down into Montenegro. "It takes a crooked snake to make these turns," said and American doughboy chauffeur, describing the road to Podgoritza

Winding down into Montenegro. "It takes a crooked snake to make these ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC, Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro (Transportation) Gift; American Nation... More

Letter from the children of the Podgoritza Home School, Montenegro to Miss Elsie Graves Benedict, Asst. Dir. Jr. Red Cross in Europe

Letter from the children of the Podgoritza Home School, Montenegro to ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Jr. RC Data: Jr. RC Dec. 1921. Classification: Letters. Gift; American National R... More

Beating the H.C. of L. with Pajamas. Turkish women wearing American pajamas which they received at the Red Cross relief station in Podgoritza, Montenegro. Pajamas were the only clothes on hand and were distributed as an emergency measure to those in desperate need of clothes during the past summer in Montenegro. They became the fashion among Mohammedans and Christian ladies alike. By skillful draping these Turkish women made these American night clothes into quite respectable oriental dress

Beating the H.C. of L. with Pajamas. Turkish women wearing American pa...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Supplies, Montenegro. Gift; American National Red ... More

At A Junior School In Montenegro. Montenegrin war orphans 'swatting' weeds in their potato patch on the Junior Red Cross of America farm school in 'Branilovitza' not far from Podgoritza. Early and late these industrious youngsters are busy as busy bees learning all the inns and outs of farming and gardening. With this knowledge they expect to gain their future independence and become builders of their country, now under the economic and industrial depression of war devastation

At A Junior School In Montenegro. Montenegrin war orphans 'swatting' w...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Data: Junior Red Cross. Group title: Children. Montenegro. Gift; Am... More

Montenegrin Palace for American Hospital. American Red Cross workers grouped on the steps of the palace of the former crown prince of Montenegro at Podgoritza. This fine building with its grounds was turned over to the Red Cross for hospital use and now nurses more than 100 patients, being cared for by American doctors and nurses. On the left holding the American flag, which was made by Montenegrin woman presented to the Red Cross as a token of gratitude, stands Lieut. Col. Robert E. Olds, European Commissioner. In the top row framed by the open door is Lieut. Col. Henry R. Fairclough, Director of the Montenegrin unit, and next to the flag on the right is Lieut. Col. Henry W. Anderson, of Richmond, Virginia, Director of the Red Cross Balkan operations

Montenegrin Palace for American Hospital. American Red Cross workers g...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro. On caption card: (11687) Gift; America... More

Montenegrin Recipients of American Generosity. A group of children just after receiving their bundle of American garments at Podgoritza. Note how some are trying to get a peak at the clothes which they were instructed not to open until they reached home. The American Red Cross had distributed clothes to thousands of war victims throughout the Balkans, where clothes are impossible to obtain at any price

Montenegrin Recipients of American Generosity. A group of children jus...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: Children, Montenegro. On caption card: (12876) Gift; A... More

A Prodigal protege. A little blonde haired Montenegrin waif picked up on the road by Lieut. Col. Frederick Keppel, director of American Red Cross foreign relief, of Washington, during the Red Cross executive's trip through the Balkans. The little girl lost her parents during the war and had been begging by day and living with 31 other waifs in a cave near Podgoritza. She was placed in the American Red Cross school at Cettinje wear the rags she wears in the photo were exchanged for warm American clothes. She is now getting regular meals, living in sanitary surroundings and learning the three "R's"

A Prodigal protege. A little blonde haired Montenegrin waif picked up ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro (Children) On caption card: 11706. Used... More

Montenegro war orphans have a picnic. A real American school picnic on grounds of the Junior Red Cross of America farm school outside Pedgoritza in Montenegro. The little war waifs posed especially for their young American friends who have done so much to brighten and uplift their lives. They are clothed and well fed and daily instructed in farming, gardening and other practical subject

Montenegro war orphans have a picnic. A real American school picnic on...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Data: Jr. Red Cross. Group title: Children. Montenegro. Gift; Ameri... More

Only real "non-skids" in Europe. The best of 'em skid occasionally but this donkey and his stolid running mate have received a bona-fide, bevelled-edged certificate. This queer transport combination is only one of the many to be seen in Montenegro. It illustrates the difficulties that faced the American Red Cross in its relief work in this Balkan State. This particular outfit served as an ambulance and general bus for the Red Cross hospital at Podgoritza. This picture shows a group of mountain folks on their way to visit patients in the hospital

Only real "non-skids" in Europe. The best of 'em skid occasionally but...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Data: T.T. & C., March 22, 1920. Group title: Transportation, Monte... More

Piecing 'em Together. An interior view of the American Red Cross garage at Podgoritza, Montenegro one of the organizations transportation bases in the Balkans. Here Americans have organized a corps of native mechanics. Due to the rough usage the cars get in distibuting Red Cross relief supplies over the mountain roads, these men have a difficult problem in keeping the automobiles in operation. No spare parts are available so it is necessary to make substitute appliances or transfer parts from one car to another continually. In the foreground to the right is Lieut. Thomas Ward, of Salinas, Calif., in charge of the garage

Piecing 'em Together. An interior view of the American Red Cross garag...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Supplies, Montenegro. On caption card: 1/1394. Use... More

Bringing Home the Bacon. This group of Montenegrin children have just come from the Red Cross station at Podgoritza, where they were given food and new clothing. Their rather dubious expression is due to the fact that the camera man stopped them as they were on their way home with their bundles. They were under instruction not to open them until they reached home, as they were in no mood for delay in their opportunity to open the packages and see what the "American Santa Claus" had sent them

Bringing Home the Bacon. This group of Montenegrin children have just ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: Supplies, Montenegro. On caption card: (12869) Gift; A... More

Fuel enough for thousands. Those who feel very badly about the fuel shortage in America might obtain a grain of comfort from this picture. This is the wood market at Podgoritza where people bring a few pounds of wood from many miles distance. Few houses are heated in Montenegro especially since the war, as the invading enemy stripped the country of what little timber it had. American Red Cross doctors have been kept on the jump this winter in an effort to stem the tide of pneumonia and other winter diseases that are attacking these destitute people as a result of their weakened vitality brought on by five years of suffering. Fuel is a luxury in this little Balkan state

Fuel enough for thousands. Those who feel very badly about the fuel sh...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: Markets, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/1393) Used in... More

Ice Harvesting in Montenegro. American is not the only country that harvests ice. Montenegro has that industry also. During the winter months the snow packs deep in the mountain ravines. When the heat of the summer comes and brings out the beads of perspiration, the professional ice men go up to the ravines and cut out blocks of packed snow, which are transported by horse trains to the towns. Ice was thus supplied to the American Red Cross hospital in Podgoritza throughout the past year

Ice Harvesting in Montenegro. American is not the only country that ha...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Supplies, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/1486) Us... More

The Valley of the Rieka River in Montenegro. This is perhaps the most wonderful view of all Montenegro. The eye rejoices in space all the way down the valley of Rieka, over the Lake Scutari, over the valley in which Podgoritza is built to the far snow topped heights of the Albanian Alps

The Valley of the Rieka River in Montenegro. This is perhaps the most ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC. Group title: Montenegro, Transportation. Used in: Jr. RC News, April, 1920. ... More

"Tiger Tiger" A fine type of the old Montenegrin whose bravery and strong national spirit is a by word in Eastern Europe. They are known as the tigers of the Balkans, because of the fact that they still have a country despite conquests by half a dozen stronger nations. He is dressed in his Sunday best for a visit to his son who is a patient at the American Red Cross hospital is Podgoritza. Men of his stamp are not dependent upon the law to portect them, as the revolver and bayonet indicate

"Tiger Tiger" A fine type of the old Montenegrin whose bravery and str...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC, Paris Office. Group title: Types, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/1848) Used... More

The Florence Nightingale of Montenegro. Miss Lena M. Johnson, of Chicago and a group of children which she has found on the streets of Cettinje. They are only a few of hundreds that Miss Johnson has rescued from hunger and disease. She gained the soubriquet of "Florence Nightingale" because she has cared for 15,965 patients at the American Red Cross Hospital at Cettinje, Nicsic and Podgoritza. Miss Johnson is Chief Nurse of the Red Cross Unit in Montenegro. She was one of the Pioneer Nurses of France, having come over at the outbreak of the War and worked in Hospitals at the battle of Somme, Leos and Verdun. She has a number of foreign decorations for distinguished services

The Florence Nightingale of Montenegro. Miss Lena M. Johnson, of Chica...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro. On caption card: (12782) Used in: Ex. ... More

Funerals continuous in Montenegro. Another angle of the same bridge and three mountain dwellers returning from Podgoritza, one of them typical of present day Montenegro, a father carrying a little casket home for the burial of his child. Bright colors do not detract from the sadness of these infant burials for they are always part of every funeral and the caskets are painted in bright, crude colors, yellow usually, splotched with dots of red, blue and purple decorated further with gay woolen pompoms splashed with gold. The American Red Cross in Montenegro has combined its efforts with those of the Junior Red Cross of America and hopes to rescue thousands of disease stricken children who otherwise would perish uncared for. At top of picture may be seen a detachment of Serbian troops resting before a hard tramp to some high mountain station in the distant Alps

Funerals continuous in Montenegro. Another angle of the same bridge an...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: Reconstruction. Montenegro. Gift; American National Re... More

American Red Cross Headquarters Podgoritza, Montenegro. Capt. C.C. Pratt, Makato, Minn., Miss E.C. Pearcem, Baltimore, Md., Lt. E.N. Tuckerman, Boston, Massachusetts. on the balcony

American Red Cross Headquarters Podgoritza, Montenegro. Capt. C.C. Pra...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: A.R.C. Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro. Used in: Red Cross Bulletin Sept. 1... More

Ox cart carrying patient to American Red Cross Hospital, Podgoritza, Montenegro, a common means of transporting sick people

Ox cart carrying patient to American Red Cross Hospital, Podgoritza, M...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: A.R.C. Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro, Transportation. Used in: Red Cross ... More

Where Nature Supplants the Mortar Man. A view at Podgoritza, Montenegro, showing a dam solidified by Nature. To supply water power to the town mill, which is the lower building in the picture the Montenegrin simply laid loose rocks across this stream. The natural lime precipitate in the water passing through and over them knitted the structure solidly together in a comparatively short time. On the causeway can be seen Major E.J. Swift, of San Francisco, one of the directors of American Red Cross relief distribution in Montenegro who examined the ancient mill with a view to opening it as a part of Red Cross efforts in reconstructing the country

Where Nature Supplants the Mortar Man. A view at Podgoritza, Montenegr...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: General, Montenegro. On caption card: (12/1209) Used i... More

Flu fighters in Montenegro. They went to Montenegro to fight smallpox, and typhus epidemics and when influenza broke out there had their hands full taking care of the victims of the newer epidemic. They belong to the American Red Cross hospital staff in Podgoritza, Montenegro. From left to right they are: Miss Margaret Lena Johnson, Chicago; Major Joseph F. Jaros, Chicago; Miss Mary Theresa Beulhauser, New York; Miss Elizabeth G. Mitchell, Newport R.I. and Dr. Katherine M. Cook, New Wilmington, Pa

Flu fighters in Montenegro. They went to Montenegro to fight smallpox,...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Personnel, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/2197) U... More

Carrying On In Montenegro. The American Red Cross gave this royal palace in Montenegro a thorough renovating and installed an up to date hospital for the sick of Podgoritza, Montenegro. Before the war ex-Prince Mirko lived here. On the palace steps are Lieut. Col. H.R. Fairclough (center), of Palo Alto, Cal. Director of the Albanain unit, and his medical and nursing staff. On the balcony are native hospital aides. Many of the hospital patients are Montenegrin men who have been wounded in the numerous mountains vendettas of feuds which are the bane of this troubled Balkan kingdom

Carrying On In Montenegro. The American Red Cross gave this royal pala...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC. Paris Office. Group title: Personnel, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/2198) ... More

Orphans with Startling 'Futurests' Tendencies. 'Joka' one of the lost children in the Junior Red Cross of America orphanage in Podgoritza, Montenegro, let his playful instincts run riot when he stuck his hands in a can of blue paint and decorated the pet white rabbit of the School until it looked like a living piece of rultra futurism of one of the best Schools. Now he is doing penance and watching the good children at play in the courtyard below, dreaming perhaps of a world of blue rabbits and purple cats

Orphans with Startling 'Futurests' Tendencies. 'Joka' one of the lost ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Data: Junior Red Cross. Group title: Children. Montenegro. Gift; Am... More

Still carrying on. The war has been over for more than a year, but these American nurses are still binding up the scars it has left in Europe. They compose the staff of the American Red Cross Hospital in Podgoritza, Montenegro and are shown seated on the steps of the institution, which has done much for the regeneration of that little Balkan country. From left to right (bottom row) Miss Olivia E. Hamilton of Philadelphia; Miss Minnie Parrish of Delphos, N.M.; Miss Mary T. Beulshausen of New York City; (top row) Miss Myrtle Dean, of Pittsburg; Miss Elizabeth G. Mitchell of New York City, and Miss Mabel V. Nolson, of Rockford, Ills

Still carrying on. The war has been over for more than a year, but the...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Personnel, Montenegro. On caption card: (12/1294) ... More

One Day's Work a Week. That is all that many men in Montenegro can find. These two old men, each of them having passed the four-score mark, amply illustrate that condition. They are harness makers waiting in the market at Podgoritza for business. But as there are no horses left, the enemy having driven them all off the harness trade does not flourish. They work at their trade but one day a week. On the other five they are employed by the American Red Cross along with many other needy persons, to clean the streets, improved sanitary conditions and aid about the American relief station. In this way they manage to earn a comfortable living and at the same time help their less fortunate brethren

One Day's Work a Week. That is all that many men in Montenegro can fin...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: Gen. Montenegro. On caption card: (12948) Used in: T.T... More

The Only Ones Left. Brother and sister made orphans by the war. They are clothed in gunny sacks and odd pieces of cloth patched together. Representatives of the Junior Red Cross found them living alone in a shack made of flattened gasoline tins that they salvaged at the Red Cross garage in Podgoritza, Montenegro. They were given food and clothing which the boys and girls had sent to Montenegro through their Red Cross organization and placed in the school which was established by the Red Cross for all the war orphans of the district

The Only Ones Left. Brother and sister made orphans by the war. They a...

Title, date (month/day) and notes from Red Cross caption card. Date (year) based on date of negatives in same range. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Offic... More

American nurses pioneering in Montenegro. Miss Myrtle Dean of Atlantic, Iowa, one of the first American Red Cross nurses to land in France after war was declared (on the left) and Miss Minnie Parrishof Dalphos, New Mexico, also a Red Cross nurse on the principal street of Podgoritza, Montenegro. America women who undertook the care of the sick and dying in this distiture sic and war ravaged country found not only a pitiful lack of hospitals and equipment but the need for training some of the native women to take up the nursing profession and be able to 'carry' on after Red Cross operations there are discontinued. To this end several nursing classes are regularly conduct under the dire action of expert American nurses

American nurses pioneering in Montenegro. Miss Myrtle Dean of Atlantic...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Data: Central Division. Sept. 1920. Group title: Personnel. Montene... More

Here's a Real Cave Man. This little Montenegrin orphan was found by American Red Cross relief workers living in a cave outside of Podgoritza. All the food he had was some ground corn and a dog's bone. This picture was snapped as he was being taken to the Red Cross orphanage. The clothes he wears parts of an old bag are the ones he was found in

Here's a Real Cave Man. This little Montenegrin orphan was found by Am...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Children Montenegro. On caption card: (12/1260) Us... More

America's 'go cart' big hit in Montenegro. Baby carriages and 'go carts' are included in Montenegro's void of modern conveniences so when the native mother goes visiting or marketing this is the way she carries the baby. Fortunately the babies in this little country do not mind the altitude for the overworked mother knows no easier or more simplified way. Recently an American on duty with the Red Cross in Podgoritza constructed two 'go carts' after reliable models and the most approved lines. When introduced at the Red Cross clinic babies from far and near were brought in on heads and lowered for a trial terra firma ride. The enthusiasm of everybody concerned (especially the babies) was such that the former 'doughboy' in the American army is considered some kind of an inspired genius by all the inhabitants of the town

America's 'go cart' big hit in Montenegro. Baby carriages and 'go cart...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Data: Ex. Paul Thompson Sept. 28/20. Group title: Children. Montene... More

From the comic Opera Country. If the Musical Comedy producers in America dressed their choruses true to form here is how they would appear. These two are Belles of Podgoritza in Montenegro, which country paragraphers and cynical humorists like to refer to as the "Comic Opera Country". But life is just as real and earnest there as it any where else and a great deal more of a struggle. They are in native costume. Note the work and torn condition of their clothes and shoes. But in the bag the second girl is carrying repose two pairs of American doughboy shoes and some cast off American garments, gifts of the American Red Cross, which operates a relief station in the town

From the comic Opera Country. If the Musical Comedy producers in Ameri...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC. Paris Office. Group title: Types, Montenegro. Formerly 08394. On caption car... More

Headquarters of the American Red Cross at Podgoritza, Montenegro

Headquarters of the American Red Cross at Podgoritza, Montenegro

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC, Paris Office. Group title: Montenegro. Gift; American National Red Cross 194... More

Little sisters class, Podgoritza Orphanage, Miss Jeannie Frasier, A.R.C. nurse, the instructor

Little sisters class, Podgoritza Orphanage, Miss Jeannie Frasier, A.R....

Title and notes from Red Cross caption card. Date based on date of negatives in same range. Gift; American National Red Cross 1944 and 1952. General information about the American National Red Cross photograph ... More

Village Smithy Has Many Trades. A typical village blacksmith's shop in Podgoritza, Montenegro. The smithy in the Balkans is a jack of all trades. He pulls teeth, grinds the family knives, mends watches, repairs ploughshares and shoes, oxen, donkeys and horses. The people seated about his shop are peasants who are waiting for repairs to their farm implements. They are possessed of but one ploughshare or hoe and when it breaks they must hold up their work until it is repaired. This condition illustrates the reason why Balkan war reconstruction is slow. There are few tools to work with. The only aid received so far has been from America, the Red Cross bringing in a million dollars worth of modern farm machinery to sow and harvest the crops, meanwhile giving out clothing, food, and medicine in order that the people might live

Village Smithy Has Many Trades. A typical village blacksmith's shop in...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: General, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/1768) Use... More

Tallest Tree in Montenegro. Scene near American Red Cross headquarters at Podgoritza, Montenegro. The tree in the center is named after ex-King Nicholas, and is said to be the tallest tree in the country

Tallest Tree in Montenegro. Scene near American Red Cross headquarters...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Paris Office. Group title: General, Montenegro. On caption card: (1/1399) Used in... More

"Oh Say, Can You See ?" In every good sized town throughout the Balkans today, and in many of the smaller communities as well, the American flag will be found floating over one or more buildings. It had been carried to these places by the American Red Cross in pushing its program of relief and succor for thousands of destitute and needy peoples. The building over which Old Glory floats in this picture is the American Red Cross dispensary in the far off Montenegro in the town of Podgoritza. Here 150 Montenegrins are treated for illness and injuries everyday, the first medical treatment the majority have had in their life. From here American doctors and nurses journey on mule back into the mountains to give aid to those unable to come to the dispensary. The two Americans in the picture are (left to right) Captain Joseph F. Haros, of Chicago and Lieut. Col. H.F. Fairclough of Leland Standford University, director of the Red Cross Montenegrin Unit

"Oh Say, Can You See ?" In every good sized town throughout the Balkan...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Dispensary Montenegro. On caption card: (12942) Gi... More

Still Running on Scheduled Time. At the wheel of the American motor truck in Podgoritza, Montenegro, is Sergeant Andrew Gerald, a naturalized American citizen who came back to his native country to help her fight the Austrians. He was a locomotive engineer on the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad before the war, and after his demobilization in Montenegro he joined the American Red Cross unit, which is fighting disease and destitution in his native land put in charge of this five ton supply truck he kept up a regular schedule over a 52 mile dangerous mountain road. It is said in Cetinje that people set their watches by the arrival and departure of Sergeant Gerald's truck. This picture was taken in front of the Red Cross Hospital at Podgoritza

Still Running on Scheduled Time. At the wheel of the American motor tr...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office. Group title: Supplies, Montenegro. On caption card: (12/1103) U... More

Down By the Old Mill Stream. Podgoritza's corn is turned into meal at this quaint old village mill. For a thousand years several hundred Montenegro families have depended on the old mill and it has not failed. However, the miller has ambitions. He has heard that the under shot water wheel, like the one on his mill, is very inefficient. He confided to some American Red Cross workers testing the old mill stream for typhoid germs, that he would like to know more about American milling machinery

Down By the Old Mill Stream. Podgoritza's corn is turned into meal at ...

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card. Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Major Dexter. Group title: General, Herzegovina. On caption card: (1/2226) Us... More