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Some of night shift waiting to go to work. Cumberland Glass Works, Bridgeton, N.J. One boy is 13 years old. Location: Bridgeton, New Jersey.

Some of night shift waiting to go to work. Cumberland Glass Works, Bri...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

[Newsie selling before school, 7 A.M. Quito Scentola, 13 years old, 20 Pennsylvania Avenue, been selling papers four years.] Location: Rochester, New York (State)

[Newsie selling before school, 7 A.M. Quito Scentola, 13 years old, 20...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Elsie and Sadie at their machines, Yazoo City (Miss.) Yarn Mills. Both said thirteen years old, but see photo and label 2102. Location: Yazoo City, Mississippi.

Elsie and Sadie at their machines, Yazoo City (Miss.) Yarn Mills. Both...

Picryl description: Public domain image of girl workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Vennie and Verdie Yelverton. Eleven and thirteen years old. (See label 2079). Location: Laurel, Mississippi.

Vennie and Verdie Yelverton. Eleven and thirteen years old. (See label...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

[Aldea Balanger - French - Weaver. Cornell Mills - 14 years old July 12, 1915, getting her certificate for her 5th position. Face broken out as most of weavers have from the machine oil, handling it and not washing hands. Lint gets into pores.] Location: Fall River, Massachusetts. / Lewis W. Hine.

[Aldea Balanger - French - Weaver. Cornell Mills - 14 years old July 1...

Picryl description: Public domain vintage artistic photograph, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.

[Girls working at mangle in Bonanno Laundry, 12 Foster Wharf. All are 15 years old and go to continuation school.] Location: [Boston, Massachusetts] / Lewis W. Hine.

[Girls working at mangle in Bonanno Laundry, 12 Foster Wharf. All are ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Boys "linking" bed-springs. 14 and 15 years old. Location: Boston, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Boys "linking" bed-springs. 14 and 15 years old. Location: Boston, Ma...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

A group of men walking down a street. Great Depression FSA photogpraph

A group of men walking down a street. Great Depression FSA photogpraph

Picryl description: Public domain photograph related to mass media, press, newspaper, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Greel's Shoe-shining Parlor, Indianapolis, Ind. Said he was 15 years old. Works some nights until 11. Taken at 10 P.M. Location: Indianapolis, Indiana.

Greel's Shoe-shining Parlor, Indianapolis, Ind. Said he was 15 years o...

Public domain photograph - historical image of Indiana, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Curtin Hines. Western Union messenger #36. Fourteen years old. Goes to school. Works from four to eight P.M. Been with W[estern] U[nion] for six months, one month delivering for a drug store. "I learned a lot about the 'Reservation' while I was at the drug store and I go there some times now." Location: Houston, Texas.

Curtin Hines. Western Union messenger #36. Fourteen years old. Goes to...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Same group as #2595. These boys and many others work late every week night, they said, usually until midnight. On Saturday most of the day and also night. Air is bad; associations are bad, the long hours and confinement are bad. One of the boys told me he was 10 yrs. old, five boys told me 11 years old, three boys told me 12 years old and I could not question many. Late Saturday night, I counted one boy of 10 years, five of 11 years, nineteen boys apparently 12 and 13 years old. Location: Lowell, Massachusetts.

Same group as #2595. These boys and many others work late every week n...

Public domain photograph - historical image of Massachusetts, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Spooler tenders - 14 years old. Berkshire Cotton Mills. Location: Adams, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Spooler tenders - 14 years old. Berkshire Cotton Mills. Location: Ada...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory worker, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions. show less

Three years in the Glass House and no chance for promotion yet. Boy in foreground been "carry-in" since he was 14 years old. Wormser's Glass House. Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Three years in the Glass House and no chance for promotion yet. Boy in...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Alexander Durand, 35 Tucker Street, next boy in middle of picture appears 12 years old. Is in mill room No. 2. Joseph Courtois, 33 Tucker St., at the right Alex. appears about 13 years old. Works in the spinning room. Majorie Bonclair, at left of Alex. see 2592. Location: Lowell, Massachusetts.

Alexander Durand, 35 Tucker Street, next boy in middle of picture appe...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Alber Therien at right end of picture, 30 Salem Street, appears 13 years old, has been 4 weeks in spinning room No. 9, on the fourth floor of the Lawrence mills. Joseph Guerard, left hand end of picture, 21 Perkins Street, appears 12 years old, has worked 12 months. Neither speaks nor understands English. Location: Lowell, Massachusetts.

Alber Therien at right end of picture, 30 Salem Street, appears 13 yea...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

George Christopher, Postal Tel. #7, 14 years old. Been at it over 3 years. Does not work nights. Location: Nashville, Alabama [i.e., Tennessee?]

George Christopher, Postal Tel. #7, 14 years old. Been at it over 3 ye...

Public domain photograph related to development of telegraph, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

[Boys "linking" bed-springs. 14 and 15 years old.] Location: [Boston, Massachusetts] / [Lewis W. Hine]

[Boys "linking" bed-springs. 14 and 15 years old.] Location: [Boston,...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Malvina Amundsen, 15 years old. Office girl in Eastern Talking Machine Co., 177 Tremont Street. Location: Boston, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Malvina Amundsen, 15 years old. Office girl in Eastern Talking Machine...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

[Trenton Mill, Gastonia, N.C. Smallest boy, Tom Jenkins. Said 13 years old. Been in mill 3 years. Brother Walter Jenkins. Said 15 years old. Been in mill four years.] Location: Gastonia, North Carolina.

[Trenton Mill, Gastonia, N.C. Smallest boy, Tom Jenkins. Said 13 year...

Picryl description: Public domain vintage artistic photograph, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.

3 A.M. Sunday, February 23rd, 1908. Newsboys selling on Brooklyn Bridge. Harry Ahrenpreiss, 30 Willet Street. (Said was 13 years old). Abe Gramus. 37 Division Street. Witness Fred McMurray. Location: New York, New York (State) / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

3 A.M. Sunday, February 23rd, 1908. Newsboys selling on Brooklyn Bridg...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Postal Telegraph Boy. David Caplan, 9 Monroe Street. Said he was 15 years old. Works from 11 P.M. to 8 A. M., often down around the docks. Location: New York, New York (State)

Postal Telegraph Boy. David Caplan, 9 Monroe Street. Said he was 15 ye...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of city street life, vendor, shop sign, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Small messenger on Main Street, 2 P.M. Said he was 14 years old. Location: Rochester, New York (State)

Small messenger on Main Street, 2 P.M. Said he was 14 years old. Loca...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Supt. and overseers with the "Relief Crowd," in Yazoo City (Miss.) Yarn Mills. The Supt. said, "We relieve all children under sixteen for two hours a day except the doffers, who get plenty of time off. They go out and play." Then turning to the children he said, "Now play." They eyed him blankly, "Play wot?" "Oh, play anything." Before they could do it, however, he had to pose them himself (see photo 2106) which was especially posed for the occasion. In this photo, note the disparity between the (alleged) ages of the younger ones who said that they were 12 and 13, and the older ones, who said 15 years old. Location: Yazoo City, Mississippi.

Supt. and overseers with the "Relief Crowd," in Yazoo City (Miss.) Yar...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph group portrait, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

John Doyle (smallest boy in street), apparently 12 or 13 years old. Small and Wizened. Been sweeping for a short time in Wamsutta Mill in #3 spinning room. Lives at 3 Mt. Pleasant St. Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts.

John Doyle (smallest boy in street), apparently 12 or 13 years old. Sm...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

John Huggins. Said he is fourteen years old and has been doffing for eight months in the Guadalupe Valley Cotton Mills. Violation of law. Gets a dollar a day now. Before he came here, he worked in the cotton mill at West, Tex., for five or six years. Said boys work in the Cuero mill under age. "They don't even bother to ask your age. Didn't ask mine. Easy 'nuff to git a job." The mills were not running on account of floods this week. I found only one other boy under age, "Spider" Estes said he is fourteen years old and been working here, doffing one year. Location: Cuero, Texas.

John Huggins. Said he is fourteen years old and has been doffing for e...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

General view of part of the force picking tomatoes on farm of W.T. Hill. There were about 25 children--most of them 8 to 15 years old. "When school opens next month you bet we have to quit workin'" they said. Usually earn 50 cents to $1.50 a day. Location: Cabool, Missouri / Lewis W. Hine.

General view of part of the force picking tomatoes on farm of W.T. Hil...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Doffers - Boss said 14 and 15 years old. Indian Orchard Cotton Mill. Location: Indian Orchard, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Doffers - Boss said 14 and 15 years old. Indian Orchard Cotton Mill. ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory worker, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions. show less

[Theresa Quinlan - 14 years old April 14th - Spooler. Hand cut in Iron Works Mill. Was taking loose band off a spooler. Two weeks learning. Is in picture of girls play at King Philip Settlement. (4324.) Ready to go back to work June 22nd.] Location: Fall River, Massachusetts. / Lewis W. Hine.

[Theresa Quinlan - 14 years old April 14th - Spooler. Hand cut in Iron...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

5 p.m. John McBride, messenger #27 Metropolitan Messenger and Mailing Co., 67 Bromfield Street. Said he was 14 years old and gets $5 a week. Taken near State House. Location: Boston, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

5 p.m. John McBride, messenger #27 Metropolitan Messenger and Mailing ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Gertrude Belier, 15 years old. Hemming curtains on machine at Boutwell, Fairclough & Gold, 274 Summer Street Extension. Mr. Fitzgerald, Manager. Location: Boston, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Gertrude Belier, 15 years old. Hemming curtains on machine at Boutwell...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Smallest boy in group is Duke Gray, 66 Coburn Street, doffs in No. 1 spinning room and has been there one month. Seems 13 years old. Location: Lowell, Massachusetts.

Smallest boy in group is Duke Gray, 66 Coburn Street, doffs in No. 1 s...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Shorpy Higginbotham, a "greaser" on the tipple at Bessie Mine, of the Sloss-Sheffield Steel and Iron Co. Said he was 14 years old, but it is doubtful. Carries two heavy pails of grease, and is often in danger of being run over by the coal cars. Location: Bessie Mine, Alabama.

Shorpy Higginbotham, a "greaser" on the tipple at Bessie Mine, of the ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Fred Fowner - 74 Londsdale. Doffer in Union Mill - 15 years old. Doffer two years. $7.74 a week. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Fred Fowner - 74 Londsdale. Doffer in Union Mill - 15 years old. Doffe...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Marion Davis, Messenger #21 for Bellevue Messenger Service. Fourteen years old. "Been messenger, off and on, for two years. Not supposed to go to the Reservation under sixteen years, but I do just the same. The boss don't care and the cops don't stop me." Location: Houston, Texas.

Marion Davis, Messenger #21 for Bellevue Messenger Service. Fourteen y...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description Marion Davies - American actress and film producer active during the silent and early sound film eras of the 19... More

Ethel Selansky, 15 years old. Typist for Standard Neckwear Co., 91 Essex Street. Location: Boston, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Ethel Selansky, 15 years old. Typist for Standard Neckwear Co., 91 Ess...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

These are all breaker-boys. (See photos taken at Ewen Breaker, later.) They were very suspicious of my motives. Sam Bellom (boy on left end of photo), 58 Pine Street. Been working in breaker #9 for two years, he says. He says, also, that he is 14 years old, but does not appear to be? Sam Topent (next to Bellom), 52 Pine Street. Been working at Ewen Breaker two years. Said, "I'm fourteen years, an' if you don' believe me, I kin show you de proofs." (They were all suspicious.) This boy had told the School Principal the other day that he was 13 years old, which may be too high. James Ritz (in middle), 28 Pine Street. Been working one year at Ewen Breaker. Said "14 years old," but this is unbelievable. Mikey Captan (small boy on James' left) 45 Pine St. Been working one year at Ewen Breaker, said he was 12 years old, but doesn't appear to be that. Tony Captan (right end of photo), 45 Pine St. Been working in Ewen Breaker one year. I found these boys and many others, working at Ewen Breaker, and photographed them (see photos). Boy on extreme right end of photo is Jo Topent, 52 Pine St. Been working at Ewen Breaker two years. Said he was 14 years old but does not appear to be. He was very suspicious of me and refused to be in first photo. Location: Pittston, Pennsylvania.

These are all breaker-boys. (See photos taken at Ewen Breaker, later.)...

Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, structure, works, 19th-20th century industrial revolution, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description

Charles Hoffman said he was 13 years old and in the sixth grade. At the plow after school. See report. L.W. Hine. Location: Elizabethtown, Kentucky.

Charles Hoffman said he was 13 years old and in the sixth grade. At th...

Public domain photograph - historical image of Kentucky, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Three years in the Glass House and no chance for promotion yet. Boy in foreground been "carry-in" since he was 14 years old. Wormser's Glass House. Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Three years in the Glass House and no chance for promotion yet. Boy in...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Hard work and dangerous for such a young boy. James O'Dell, a greaser and coupler on the tipple of the Cross Mountain Mine, Knoxville Iron Co., in the vicinity of Coal Creek, Tenn. James has been there four months. Helps push these heavily loaded cars. Appears to be about 12 or 13 years old. Location: Coal Creek, Tennessee.

Hard work and dangerous for such a young boy. James O'Dell, a greaser ...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

John F--- and his grandmother, who live in an attic in Cincinnati. John is 15 years old and works in a glass factory. Location: Cincinnati, Ohio.

John F--- and his grandmother, who live in an attic in Cincinnati. Joh...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Union Hospital case - Estelle Poiriere, 137 Robeson St., 15 years old. Doffer at Granite No. 1 mill. Laceration of index and middle finger of right hand. Caught in card machine. Injured Dec. 21, 1915 and finger grew stiff and had to have cord cut. Still an outpatient in June and not working yet. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Union Hospital case - Estelle Poiriere, 137 Robeson St., 15 years old....

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

School #2, Buffalo, N.Y. Vincent Cannici, 13 years old last summer. Ran apple machine in cannery, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada. Lost 9 weeks school in the fall. Did not make good in promotion. Angelo, Brimo, 11 years old last summer. Ran apple machine in cannery, $1.25 to $1.50 a day, worked sometimes until 9 or 10 p.m. Lost 15 weeks schooling. Is a repeater. Buffalo, New York (State)

School #2, Buffalo, N.Y. Vincent Cannici, 13 years old last summer. Ra...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Some of the youngsters on day shift (next week on night shift) at Old Dominion Glass Co., Alexandria, Virginia I counted 7 white boys and several colored boys that seemed to be under 14 years old. The youngest ones would not give names, but the following are a few: Frank Ellmore, 913 Gibbon St., apparently ten or eleven. Been there three months. Dannie Powell, 307 Columbus St. Henry O'Donnell, 1925[?] Duke St. Leslie Mason, 912 Wilke St. See also photos and labels 2260 to 2271 and report. Location: Alexandria, Virginia.

Some of the youngsters on day shift (next week on night shift) at Old ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Elizabeth Demaris [i.e., Demarais?], 13 years old. A spinner in the Spring Village Mill, Winchendon, Massachusetts. Been working since May. Lumina Demaris, sister of Elizabeth, admitted 12 years old. Been a doffer in Spring Village Mill all summer, Father and sister Elizabeth works steady. They keep two boarders. Her doffing crew has three girls and 5 boys. Location: Winchendon, Massachusettsachusetts.

Elizabeth Demaris [i.e., Demarais?], 13 years old. A spinner in the Sp...

Picryl description: Public domain image of girl workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Joseph Crapo, 47 Fruit St., works in Eclipse Mills. Apparently 13 years old. Right hand. Left hand, Albert Duquette, 183 Union St. works in weave shed, putting drop wires on weave machine. Location: North Adams, Massachusetts.

Joseph Crapo, 47 Fruit St., works in Eclipse Mills. Apparently 13 year...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Twin sisters Winnie and Jimmie. Spinners in Yazoo City (Miss.) Yarn Mills. Said thirteen years old, but see photo and label 2102. Location: Yazoo City, Mississippi.

Twin sisters Winnie and Jimmie. Spinners in Yazoo City (Miss.) Yarn Mi...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory worker, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions. show less

Erenne La Prise, on left, apparently 13 years old, a doffer at Spring Village Mill, said he had been working a year and a half. Als de Gauthier, apparently under 14 (next Erenne) also a doffer at Spring Village Mill. Location: Winchendon, Massachusetts.

Erenne La Prise, on left, apparently 13 years old, a doffer at Spring ...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph group portrait, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Family of Ida Descheues [?], 80 Wear Street. She is the third girl in the front of the picture, her sister--taller than she--next to her said--"13 years old"--but I doubt it. Ida has half hours ride in crowded stuffy cars to and from work each day. Leaving home at 6 A.M. and returning at 6:30 P.M. The doffing work in much of it standing, stooping and reaching. Bad for adolescent girl. Location: Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Family of Ida Descheues [?], 80 Wear Street. She is the third girl in ...

Public domain photo of a monument, historic place, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Some of the younger boys working in Brazos Valley Cotton Mills at West. One Charlie Lott was thirteen years old according to Family Record. Another Norman Vaughn apparently twelve year old was under legal age according to one of the boys there, Calvin Caughlin who did not appear to be fifteen years old himself. These and two girls that I proved to be under legal age were all working in this small mill. It was an exceptional case, but it is likely that as the children become tired of school later in the year, there will be many more at work. Location: West, Texas.

Some of the younger boys working in Brazos Valley Cotton Mills at West...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

"Driving boy" taking pigs to market. Says he is 14 years old and has been working with pigs for 9 years. Goes to school in Paris, Ky. Horace Harpe, 320 West 8 Street. Location: Winchester [vicinity], Kentucky / Lewis W. Hine.

"Driving boy" taking pigs to market. Says he is 14 years old and has b...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Helen Whitty (15 years old). Hand drawn work on curtains at Boutwell, Fairclough & Gold, 274 Summer Street Extension. Mr. Fitzgerald, Manager. Location: Boston, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Helen Whitty (15 years old). Hand drawn work on curtains at Boutwell, ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a living room, salon, office, late 19th-century interior, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Group of younger workers in mule room. All but two are 14 and 15 years old. Going home at 11 A.M. Berkshire Cotton Mills. Location: Adams, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Group of younger workers in mule room. All but two are 14 and 15 years...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

"Ring around the rosy." Supt. and overseers with the "Relief Crowd," in Yazoo City (Miss.) Yarn Mills. The Supt. said, "We relieve all children under sixteen for two hours a day except the doffers. They go out and play." Then turning to the children he said, "Now play." They eyed him blankly, "Play wot?" "Oh, play anything." Before they could do it, however, he had to pose them himself (see photo 2106) which was especially posed for the occasion. In this photo, note the disparity between the (alleged) ages of the younger ones who said that they were 12 and thirteen, and the older ones, who said fifteen years old. Location: Yazoo City, Mississippi.

"Ring around the rosy." Supt. and overseers with the "Relief Crowd," i...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Resting with the load at the head of the slope. Shaft #6 Pennsylvania Coal Co., Small boy is Jo Puma, a Nipper, 163 Pine Street. Jo's mother showed me the passport which shows Jo to be 14 years old, but he has no school certificate, although working inside the mine. Location: Pittston, Pennsylvania.

Resting with the load at the head of the slope. Shaft #6 Pennsylvania ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a coal mine, mining, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Hard work and dangerous. This "river-boy" Lyman Frugia. Poles the heavy logs into the incline that takes them up to the mill. It is not only hard work, but he is exposed to all kinds of weather and is dangerous too. Said he is 14 years old, has worked here several months, gets one dollar a day. Miller & Vidor Lumber Company. This is the only mill I found around Beaumont that employed boys - likely because they are located some distance from town. Location: Beaumont, Texas.

Hard work and dangerous. This "river-boy" Lyman Frugia. Poles the heav...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Interior of workshop of Sanitary Ice Cream Cone Co. See 4830. Boys packing cones are John Myers, 14 years old (see 4830) and a boy 12 years old who is working steady now. Boss said: "He said he wasn't going to school so I took him." Location: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma / Lewis W. Hine.

Interior of workshop of Sanitary Ice Cream Cone Co. See 4830. Boys pac...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

The two smallest boys in the group are Patrick Roddy, 968 Central Street, who doffs in No. 1 spinning room, and has been working there three months. Walter McNally, 7 North Street, works in No. 2, spinning room and appears 13 years old. Location: Lowell, Massachusetts.

The two smallest boys in the group are Patrick Roddy, 968 Central Stre...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Three years in the Glass House and no chance for promotion yet. Boy in foreground been "carry-in" since he was 14 years old. Wormser's Glass House. Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Three years in the Glass House and no chance for promotion yet. Boy in...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Hard work and dangerous for such a young boy. James O'Dell, a greaser and coupler on the tipple of the Cross Mountain Mine, Knoxville Iron Co., in the vicinity of Coal Creek, Tenn. James has been there four months. Helps push these heavily loaded cars. Appears to be about 12 or 13 years old. Location: Coal Creek, Tennessee.

Hard work and dangerous for such a young boy. James O'Dell, a greaser ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a coal mine, mining, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Vance, a Trapper Boy, 15 years old. Has trapped for several years in a West Virginia Coal mine. $.75 a day for 10 hours work. All he does is to open and shut this door: most of the time he sits here idle, waiting for the cars to come. On account of the intense darkness in the mine, the hieroglyphics on the door were not visible until plate was developed. Location: West Virginia.

Vance, a Trapper Boy, 15 years old. Has trapped for several years in a...

Public domain photograph - historical image of West Virginia, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

[The white Arabian horse named Bedevi, 13 years old, 1 meter and 55 centimeters] / Constantinople, Abdullah Frères.

[The white Arabian horse named Bedevi, 13 years old, 1 meter and 55 ce...

Title translated from album caption. Captioned in Ottoman Turkish and French. No. 4. No. 14. In album: Horses at the Imperial Stud Farm, Istanbul environs, Ottoman Empire. Forms part of: Abdul-Hamid II Collecti... More

Girls working in Springstein Mills, Chester, S.C. Zetella Gallman (by window) (looked 15 years old). Has worked 2 years. Both girls in middle said they had been in mill 8 years. Witness Sara R. Hine. Location: Chester, South Carolina.

Girls working in Springstein Mills, Chester, S.C. Zetella Gallman (by ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of girl workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Boy with cigarettes, works in American Locomotive Works as messenger. Said he was 14 years old. Location: Schenectady, New York (State)

Boy with cigarettes, works in American Locomotive Works as messenger. ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of children, kids, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Ethel Shumate (see photo 2190). Has been rolling cigarettes in Danville (Virginia) Factory for six months. Lives, 614 Upper Street. Said she was thirteen years old, but it is doubtful. Location: Danville, Virginia.

Ethel Shumate (see photo 2190). Has been rolling cigarettes in Danvill...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Some of the doffers in the Washington Cotton Mills, Fries, Virginia The smallest one said he was 15 years old but, for that matter, they are all "wise" to the necessity for being at least 14. All work. The group was posed by the overseer. Location: Fries, Virginia.

Some of the doffers in the Washington Cotton Mills, Fries, Virginia Th...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Sunday morning at Lynchburg Cotton Mill (Virginia) Ed Tolley, the smallest, said 15 years old, but that is very doubtful. Others in these three photos, Lucien Tolley, Herbert Aultico, Henry Daly, John Crawley. (See my report for addresses.) Most of these boys could not spell own names. All claimed to be over 14, but their disputes showed "These's a reason." They get from three to four dollars a week and some pay board. One said, "I get all over $2.60." Some were surely under twelve. All work. Lindsey Witt has been working there 2 years. Dewey Anderson, three years. Myron Cole, some time. Location: Lynchburg, Virginia.

Sunday morning at Lynchburg Cotton Mill (Virginia) Ed Tolley, the smal...

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John Huggins. Said he is fourteen years old and has been doffing for eight months in the Guadalupe Valley Cotton Mills. Violation of law. Gets a dollar a day now. Before he came here, he worked in the cotton mill at West, Tex., for five or six years. Said boys work in the Cuero mill under age. "They don't even bother to ask your age. Didn't ask mine. Easy 'nuff to git a job." The mills were not running on account of floods this week. I found only one other boy under age. - "Spider" Estes said he is fourteen years old and been working here, doffing, one year. Location: Cuero, Texas.

John Huggins. Said he is fourteen years old and has been doffing for e...

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[Doffers - Boss said 14 and 15 years old. Indian Orchard Cotton Mill] Location: [Indian Orchard, Massachusetts] / [Lewis W. Hine]

[Doffers - Boss said 14 and 15 years old. Indian Orchard Cotton Mill] ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Spiking tobacco on Lowe farm. Roland 13 and Bush 14 years old will go to Pretty Run School in a week or two, when tobacco is all in. It is a school day and school began 2 months ago. Boys say they have been in school some this year. Location: Clark County--Winchester [vicinity], Kentucky / Lewis W. Hine.

Spiking tobacco on Lowe farm. Roland 13 and Bush 14 years old will go ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Home of Ed Bentley family, Route 2, Hebbardsville. Father is up the river cutting logs (is home part of the time) and sister is attending the Zion School. Boys expect to go to Bluff City School, Div. 3, Henderson Co., in about 2 weeks; have lost 2 weeks already. Hayward is 15 years old and Harry is 11. Father rents the farm and has 6 acres in tobacco. No other help. Location: Hebbardsville, Kentucky / Lewis W. Hine.

Home of Ed Bentley family, Route 2, Hebbardsville. Father is up the ri...

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Spiking tobacco on Lowe farm. Roland 13 and Bush 14 years old will go to Pretty Run School in a week or two, when tobacco is all in. It is a school day and school began 2 months ago. Boys say they have been in school some this year. Location: Clark County--Winchester [vicinity], Kentucky / Lewis W. Hine.

Spiking tobacco on Lowe farm. Roland 13 and Bush 14 years old will go ...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Willie Welch, 15 years old, R.D. 3, Box 89, Bowling Green, worming tobacco. Goes to old Union School near Plano (?). Will start school next week (6 weeks late) He works for Jasper Harper, R. 3, Box 90, Bowling Green. Jasper is 21 years old and has 13 acres in tobacco. Gives half the tobacco for rent. Father is a tenant. Location: Warren County, Kentucky / Lewis W. Hine.

Willie Welch, 15 years old, R.D. 3, Box 89, Bowling Green, worming tob...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Resting with the load at the head of the slope. Shaft #6 Pennsylvania Coal Co., Small boy is Jo Puma, a Nipper, 163 Pine Street. Jo's mother showed me the passport which shows Jo to be 14 years old, but he has no school certificate, although working inside the mine. Location: Pittston, Pennsylvania.

Resting with the load at the head of the slope. Shaft #6 Pennsylvania ...

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Spooler tenders - 14 years old. Berkshire Cotton Mills. Location: Adams, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Spooler tenders - 14 years old. Berkshire Cotton Mills. Location: Ada...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Some of the doffers in the Washington Cotton Mills, Fries, Virginia The smallest one said he was 15 years old but, for that matter, they are all "wise" to the necessity for being at least 14. All work. The group was posed by the overseer. Location: Fries, Virginia.

Some of the doffers in the Washington Cotton Mills, Fries, Virginia Th...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Alber Therien at right end of picture, 30 Salem Street, appears 13 years old, has been 4 weeks in spinning room No. 9, on the fourth floor of the Lawrence mills. Joseph Guerard, left hand end of picture, 21 Perkins Street, appears 12 years old, has worked 12 months. Neither speaks nor understands English. Location: Lowell, Massachusetts.

Alber Therien at right end of picture, 30 Salem Street, appears 13 yea...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Margaret Ciampa, 14 years old, finishing flowers at Boston Floral Supply Co., 347-357 Cambridge Street. Said to be the only flower factory in Massachusetts. Location: Boston, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Margaret Ciampa, 14 years old, finishing flowers at Boston Floral Supp...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Going home from Loray Mill. Smallest boy on the right hand end, John Moore. 13 years old. Been in mill 6 years as sweeper, doffer and spinner. Location: Gastonia, North Carolina.

Going home from Loray Mill. Smallest boy on the right hand end, John M...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

1 A.M. near the World Building, ready to start out. Two of the sleepers (See No. 21[A]) Larger boy Abraham Jachnes, 13 years old. Newsboys Lodging House, 14 Chambers St. Has not been home for 6 months because step-mother has been trying to put him into a House of Refuge. Could not get name of smaller boy, but he was younger, probably 11 years old. These boys are hanging about and snatching and occasional sleep in sheltered spots. Location: New York, New York (State)

1 A.M. near the World Building, ready to start out. Two of the sleeper...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Whitnel (N.C.) Cotton Mills. Everyone in this family except the mother, works in the mill. Father earns $1.00 a day. Smallest girl, Annie Philips, been there only a few months, earns nearly a dollar a day. Next in size, Clara Phillips, 13 years old, Been there 3 or 4 years, earns over a dollar a day. Next, Daisy Philips. Next, Mary Philips. A dollar a day each. Oldest is married and husband is in the mill. The superintendent said it is unusual for the father to work when children get large enough to work. He usually loafs. That's why the mills are so full of children. Location: Whitnel, North Carolina.

Whitnel (N.C.) Cotton Mills. Everyone in this family except the mother...

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Anna Dazet (14 years old) 334 West 49th St. Girl unable to procure employment certificate because she lacks the required number of days. Father tubucular, in advanced stage, and in hospital. Worked just as long as he possibly could. Mother takes in a little washing. There are 5 children, including Anna. Family occupy 3 rooms. We are giving a scholarship to Anna. Location: New York, New York (State)

Anna Dazet (14 years old) 334 West 49th St. Girl unable to procure emp...

Public domain photograph - New York, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

One of the young doffers in Washington Cotton Mills, Fries, Virginia, going to dinner. Said he was 15 years old, but it is doubtful. Location: Fries, Virginia.

One of the young doffers in Washington Cotton Mills, Fries, Virginia, ...

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Carlo Chzy, Klondike Park, Andover, Massachusetts. Morris Markowsky, 49 1/2 Common St. Both work in spinning room of Wood Mill. Morris is 14 years old. Location: Lawrence, Massachusettsachusetts.

Carlo Chzy, Klondike Park, Andover, Massachusetts. Morris Markowsky, 4...

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A part of the spinning force working in the Washington Cotton Mills, Fries, Virginia Group posed by the overseer. All work. The overseer said, "These boys are a bad lot." All were alive to the need for being 14 years old when questioned. Location: Fries, Virginia.

A part of the spinning force working in the Washington Cotton Mills, F...

Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, structure, works, 19th-20th century industrial revolution, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description

Batise Joseph. Winchendon. Doffer in Glenakkeb [i.e., Glenallen] Mill. Father and Mother said, "He is 12 years old. Has been doffing all summer. Will go to school." Query: Will he go to school? Another boy, 13 years old, in this mill said, "I'll stay at work until they come after me." Older sister and parents illiterate. Location: Winchendon, Massachusetts.

Batise Joseph. Winchendon. Doffer in Glenakkeb [i.e., Glenallen] Mill....

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Brush-making late at night. Photo taken at 9:00 P.M., and they work later. Girls are 12 and 14 years old and go to school working in the morning before school and at night after studying is finished. Mother said, "It is better for children to learn something useful to do." The three average one dozen brushes a day. (30 cents.) One of the girls said she would rather work then [i.e., than?] study. Shultz family, 476 Third Ave., Brooklyn. February 5, 1912. Location: New York--Brooklyn, New York (State)

Brush-making late at night. Photo taken at 9:00 P.M., and they work la...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, economic conditions, children workers, exploitation, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

A few of the young workers in Hughes Brothers Candy Factory, S. Ervay St., I counted five going and coming at night and at noon, that appeared to be from 12 to 15 years old. One girl told me that she is 13 years old, "but we have to tell them we're 15. I run a chocolate Machine." Location: Dallas, Texas.

A few of the young workers in Hughes Brothers Candy Factory, S. Ervay ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

A dilapidated "renters" home near West. The Tripp farm. Five in the family. Girl (apparently fifteen years old) is married. The farm contains a hundred and fifty acres now. A larger farm of eight hundred acres was cut up into this and three others - to rent. See Hine report. Location: West, Texas.

A dilapidated "renters" home near West. The Tripp farm. Five in the fa...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

French - Albertine Angelhart, 35 Gangion St. - 14 years old January 2nd - left in 4th grade. Weaver in Flint Mill. Apply for certificate. Had been a weaver one month in one mill and two days in next but it was a stop motion loom which she didn't know how to operate. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

French - Albertine Angelhart, 35 Gangion St. - 14 years old January 2n...

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[Vocational class. Boring at a lathe. 15 years old.] Location: Fall River, Massachusetts. / Lewis W. Hine.

[Vocational class. Boring at a lathe. 15 years old.] Location: Fall R...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

George Barbee, 13 years old worming. Lives near Bell School. Location: Nicholas County, Kentucky / Lewis W. Hine.

George Barbee, 13 years old worming. Lives near Bell School. Location...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Bessie Blitch, 15 years old. Sewing curtains on machine at Boutwell, Fairclough & Gold, 274 Summer Street Extension. Lewis W. Hine. (Mr. Fitzgerald, Manager.) Location: Boston, Massachusetts.

Bessie Blitch, 15 years old. Sewing curtains on machine at Boutwell, F...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a living room, salon, office, late 19th-century interior, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

[Fannie Bowman, 15 years old. Postural deformity. Correct position in work most essential. Can undertake either sitting or standing position if takes care to keep good posture. Picture shows extremely bad working position for this physical defect. A hunched, stooped-over position. Book-keeper. Need for advice of examining physician. See 4664 and 4670.] Location: [Boston, Massachusetts] / Lewis W. Hine.

[Fannie Bowman, 15 years old. Postural deformity. Correct position in ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of child labor, exploitation, children workers, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Senator Butler congratulates champion speller of Massachusetts. Miss Dora Farland, 14 years old, of Fall River and the champion speller of Massachusettsachusetts receives the congratulations of Senator William M. Butler at the Capitol, June 15th. Young Miss Farland is in Washington to compete in National Spelling Bee which will be held on June, 17th

Senator Butler congratulates champion speller of Massachusetts. Miss D...

A group of people standing next to each other. Public domain portrait photograph, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rhea Quintin - 14 years old. Hand drawing in on Webb frame. Been at it about 3 months. Requires great deal of mental application and accuracy and good oversight. Takes over a year to learn. Seemed very young in certificate office. Miss Smith thought she was a little school girl coming for some other purpose. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine.

Rhea Quintin - 14 years old. Hand drawing in on Webb frame. Been at it...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a child labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Going home to lunch! Two boys from Singer Mfg. Co., Small boy -- Charles Bailey, 316 Scholum St., Is he Fourteen years old?. Location: South Bend, Indiana.

Going home to lunch! Two boys from Singer Mfg. Co., Small boy -- Charl...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

[Design drawing for stained glass memorial window with "Our Father..." for teenager William Lansing Rochester III, 1951-1964. Shows child praying amid young animals and trees and water with fish]

[Design drawing for stained glass memorial window with "Our Father..."...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

[Boys "linking" bed-springs. 14 and 15 years old.] Location: [Boston, Massachusetts] / [Lewis W. Hine]

[Boys "linking" bed-springs. 14 and 15 years old.] Location: [Boston,...

Public domain historical photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Some of the youngsters on day shift (next week on night shift) at Old Dominion Glass Co., Alexandria, Virginia I counted 7 white boys and several colored boys that seemed to be under 14 years old. The youngest ones would not give names, but the following are a few: Frank Ellmore, 913 Gibbon St., apparently ten or eleven. Been there three months. Dannie Powell, 307 Columbus St., Henry O'Donnell, 1923 Duke St. Leslie Mason, 912 Wilke St. Location: Alexandria, Virginia.

Some of the youngsters on day shift (next week on night shift) at Old ...

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Accident to young cotton mill worker. Giles Edmund Newsom (Photo October 23rd, 1912) while working in Sanders Spinning Mill, Bessemer City, N.C. August 21st, 1912, a piece of the machine fell on to his foot mashing his toe. This caused him to fall on to a spinning machine and his hand went into the unprotected gearing, crushing and tearing out two fingers. He told the Attorney he was 11 years old when it happened. His parents are now trying to make him 13 years old. The school census taken at the time of the accident makes him12 years (parents' statement) and school records say the same. His school teacher thinks he is 12. His brother (see photo 3071) is not yet 11 years old. Both of the boys worked in the mill several months before the accident. His father, (R.L. Newsom) tried to compromise with the Company when he found the boy would receive the money and not the parents. The mother tried to blame the boys for getting jobs on their own hook, but she let them work several months. The aunt said "Now he's jes got to where he could be of some help to his ma an' then this happens and he can't never work no more like he oughter." Location: Bessemer City, North Carolina.

Accident to young cotton mill worker. Giles Edmund Newsom (Photo Octob...

Picryl description: Public domain image of boy workers, child labor, working children, economic conditions, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

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