![Bertram [i.e. Bartram] house, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzE5MDUvMDEvMDEvYmVydHJhbS1pZS1iYXJ0cmFtLWhvdXNlLXBoaWxhZGVscGhpYS1wYS0xMDI0LmpwZw%3D%3D/40/31/webp "Bertram [i.e. Bartram] house, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania")
Bertram [i.e. Bartram] house, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Picryl description: Public domain image of a residential building, house, 19th-20th century architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
![["Surprise Valley Farm," Arthur Curtiss James property, Beacon Hill Road, Newport, Rhode Island. Terrace and superintendent's house with stone hillside in distance]](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMTAvMDMvc3VycHJpc2UtdmFsbGV5LWZhcm0tYXJ0aHVyLWN1cnRpc3MtamFtZXMtcHJvcGVydHktYmVhY29uLWhpbGwtcm9hZC1uZXdwb3J0LWRmZmU5OC0xMDI0LmpwZw%3D%3D/40/32/webp "[\"Surprise Valley Farm,\" Arthur Curtiss James property, Beacon Hill Road, Newport, Rhode Island. Terrace and superintendent's house with stone hillside in distance]")
["Surprise Valley Farm," Arthur Curtiss James property, Beacon Hill Ro...
No. R.I. 1083. No. 343. Title and date information provided by Sam Watters, 2012. Forms part of: Frances Benjamin Johnston Collection (Library of Congress).
Mrs. Wilson L. Smith, house, Stevenson, Baltimore County, Maryland
Public domain photograph of Maryland in 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Federal School House, Outbuilding, End of Allgates Drive (Haverford To...
Survey number: HABS PA-6060-A Building/structure dates: 1991 Initial Construction
Lindsay House, 214 St. George Street, St. Augustine, St. Johns County,...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a chamber, cell, interior, underground vault architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
John Buckwalter House, State Route 401 (East Nantmeal Township), Ludwi...
Significance: This house, with an 1821 date stone, contains some fine interior and exterior details, including the original porch. Survey number: HABS PA-1195 Building/structure dates: 1821 Initial Construction
New Half-Way House Tavern, State Routes 41 & 841 (London Grove Townshi...
Public domain photograph - historical image of Pennsylvania, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
New Half-Way House Tavern, State Routes 41 & 841 (London Grove Townshi...
Public domain photograph - historical image of Pennsylvania, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Bidwell Bar Suspension Bridge & Stone Toll House, Near Lake Oroville (...
Significance: This structure is the only surviving suspension bridge in the American West dating to the mid 19th century. When reconstructed over Lake Oroville, it was "strengthened" with pile supports under t... More
Bidwell Bar Suspension Bridge & Stone Toll House, Near Lake Oroville (...
Significance: This structure is the only surviving suspension bridge in the American West dating to the mid 19th century. When reconstructed over Lake Oroville, it was "strengthened" with pile supports under t... More
Jacob Vogdes House, Providence Road (Willistown Township), Whitehorse,...
Significance: This handsome stone house, which dates from 1795, still retains some of its fine interior woodwork. Survey number: HABS PA-1219 Building/structure dates: 1795 Initial Construction Building/str... More
Meadowrise Farm, House, 5525 Carversville Road, Carversville, Bucks Co...
Significance: Good example of the early-19th century Bucks County farmhouse with a two-pile, center hall, symmetrically balanced Georgian plan (but with an enclosed center stair). It is without additions and ma... More
Meadowrise Farm, House, 5525 Carversville Road, Carversville, Bucks Co...
Significance: Good example of the early-19th century Bucks County farmhouse with a two-pile, center hall, symmetrically balanced Georgian plan (but with an enclosed center stair). It is without additions and ma... More
John Bartram House & Garden, House, 54th Street & Lindbergh Boulevard,...
Significance: The John Bartram House was the sole residence of John Bartram (1699-1777), the well-known early American botanist, explorer, and plant collector between 1731 and his death. William Bartram (1739-... More
John Bartram House & Garden, House, 54th Street & Lindbergh Boulevard,...
Significance: The John Bartram House was the sole residence of John Bartram (1699-1777), the well-known early American botanist, explorer, and plant collector between 1731 and his death. William Bartram (1739-... More
John Bartram House & Garden, House, 54th Street & Lindbergh Boulevard,...
Significance: The John Bartram House was the sole residence of John Bartram (1699-1777), the well-known early American botanist, explorer, and plant collector between 1731 and his death. William Bartram (1739-... More
John Bartram House & Garden, House, 54th Street & Lindbergh Boulevard,...
Significance: The John Bartram House was the sole residence of John Bartram (1699-1777), the well-known early American botanist, explorer, and plant collector between 1731 and his death. William Bartram (1739-... More
Schaeffer House, Route 220, Nittany, Centre County, PA
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-15 Survey number: HABS PA-8-6 Building/structure dates: before 1830 Initial Construction
John Hanna House, Township Route 359, approximately 1700 feet West of ...
Photo caption pages & written data include site & floor plans. Significance: The early 19th century John Hanna House is significant for its association with the Hanna family, for its architectural style and mat... More
Bradford Friends Meeting House, Northbrook Road, West Bradford Townshi...
1997 Charles E. Peterson Prize, Entry Significance: Among the oldest extant Friends meeting houses in the Delaware Valley, erected in 1767, Bradford Meeting House's seemingly unconventional design more closely ... More
Bradford Friends Meeting House, Northbrook Road, West Bradford Townshi...
1997 Charles E. Peterson Prize, Entry Significance: Among the oldest extant Friends meeting houses in the Delaware Valley, erected in 1767, Bradford Meeting House's seemingly unconventional design more closely ... More
Bradford Friends Meeting House, Northbrook Road, West Bradford Townshi...
1997 Charles E. Peterson Prize, Entry Significance: Among the oldest extant Friends meeting houses in the Delaware Valley, erected in 1767, Bradford Meeting House's seemingly unconventional design more closely ... More
Bradford Friends Meeting House, Northbrook Road, West Bradford Townshi...
1997 Charles E. Peterson Prize, Entry Significance: Among the oldest extant Friends meeting houses in the Delaware Valley, erected in 1767, Bradford Meeting House's seemingly unconventional design more closely ... More
Tenant House No. 1, French Creek, Hopewell, Chester County, PA
Survey number: HABS PA-5945 Public domain photograph - historical image of Pennsylvania, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Chichester Friends Meeting House, 611 Meetinghouse Road, Boothwyn, Del...
Significance: Chichester Meeting House is a well-preserved and unusual example of eighteenth-century Quaker meeting-house architecture in the Delaware Valley. Erected between 1769 and 1771, the building follows... More
Chichester Friends Meeting House, 611 Meetinghouse Road, Boothwyn, Del...
Significance: Chichester Meeting House is a well-preserved and unusual example of eighteenth-century Quaker meeting-house architecture in the Delaware Valley. Erected between 1769 and 1771, the building follows... More
Chichester Friends Meeting House, 611 Meetinghouse Road, Boothwyn, Del...
Significance: Chichester Meeting House is a well-preserved and unusual example of eighteenth-century Quaker meeting-house architecture in the Delaware Valley. Erected between 1769 and 1771, the building follows... More
Chichester Friends Meeting House, 611 Meetinghouse Road, Boothwyn, Del...
Significance: Chichester Meeting House is a well-preserved and unusual example of eighteenth-century Quaker meeting-house architecture in the Delaware Valley. Erected between 1769 and 1771, the building follows... More
Morse-Libby House, 109 Danforth Street, Portland, Cumberland County, M...
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-23 Survey number: HABS ME-53 Building/structure dates: ca. 1859 Initial Construction National Register of Historic Places NRIS Number: 70000074
Morse-Libby House, 109 Danforth Street, Portland, Cumberland County, M...
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-23 Survey number: HABS ME-53 Building/structure dates: ca. 1859 Initial Construction National Register of Historic Places NRIS Number: 70000074
Old Kennett Meeting House, U.S. Route 1, 1 mile North of Longwood Gard...
1997 Charles E. Peterson Prize, Honorable Mention Significance: Old Kennett is one of the oldest extant Friends meeting houses in the Delaware Valley, erected sometime between 1718 and 1731. Its single-cell, c... More
Old Kennett Meeting House, U.S. Route 1, 1 mile North of Longwood Gard...
1997 Charles E. Peterson Prize, Honorable Mention Significance: Old Kennett is one of the oldest extant Friends meeting houses in the Delaware Valley, erected sometime between 1718 and 1731. Its single-cell, c... More
Kandt-Domann Farmstead, Stone House, State Route 3, Hope, Dickinson Co...
See HABS No. KS-42 for written data & fieldnotes. Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-3 Survey number: HABS KS-42-A Building/structure dates: ca. 1880 Initial Construction Building/... More
Sadsbury Friends Meeting House, Simmontown Road, .25 mile east of Rout...
Significance: Among the earliest extant meeting houses in the Delaware Valley, Sadsbury is a rare example of an early meeting house form. Sadsbury's square shaped plan and three-by-three bay elevations with cen... More
Kirkbride-Palmer House, 559 Palmer Farm Drive (Lower Makefield Townshi...
Significance: The house's principal significance is embodied in its well preserved Georgian architecture as exhibited in the plaster cove cornice, symmetrical form and both Flemish & English brickwork. It also ... More
Lauer-Gerhard Farm, Main House, Farm Lane (North Heidelberg Township),...
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-181 Survey number: HABS PA-1954-A Building/structure dates: after. 1765- before. 1800 Initial Construction
Lauer-Gerhard Farm, Main House, Farm Lane (North Heidelberg Township),...
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-181 Survey number: HABS PA-1954-A Building/structure dates: after. 1765- before. 1800 Initial Construction
Bye Estate, House, Byecroft Lane, South of Route 202, Holicong, Bucks ...
Significance: This is a very good example of a Bucks County farmhouse with the additive feature it was built in four parts which typifies the early dwelling of this region. The house includes a number of intere... More
Bye Estate, House, Byecroft Lane, South of Route 202, Holicong, Bucks ...
Significance: This is a very good example of a Bucks County farmhouse with the additive feature it was built in four parts which typifies the early dwelling of this region. The house includes a number of intere... More
Bye Estate, House, Byecroft Lane, South of Route 202, Holicong, Bucks ...
Significance: This is a very good example of a Bucks County farmhouse with the additive feature it was built in four parts which typifies the early dwelling of this region. The house includes a number of intere... More
Bye Estate, House, Byecroft Lane, South of Route 202, Holicong, Bucks ...
Significance: This is a very good example of a Bucks County farmhouse with the additive feature it was built in four parts which typifies the early dwelling of this region. The house includes a number of intere... More
William VanHorn House, Taylorsville Road, Edgeboro, Bucks County, PA
Significance: A good example of a Bucks County farmhouse constructed of stone, and with exceptional detailing inside and out. It consists of an early plastered stone section with a later, early 19th century sto... More
Joseph Collins House, 633 Goshen Road (West Goshen Township), West Che...
Significance: The original house (now the south front portion) was erected in 1727 and, though small, was a place of some style with its dressed stone and jack arch over the date stone. The local historical soc... More
Michael Braun House, State Route 2308, Granite Quarry, Rowan County, N...
Survey number: HABS NC-149 Building/structure dates: 1766 Initial Construction
Lenox-Keene House, 710 Radcliffe Street, Bristol, Bucks County, PA
Public domain photograph - historical image of Pennsylvania, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Dr. Stewart House, Washington Street, Nicodemus, Graham County, KS
See HABS No. KS-49 for list of structures that are contributing to the historic district & fieldnotes. Significance: Stewart house was an example of residential architecture whose square form and hip roof have ... More
Isaac N. Hagan House, Kentuck Knob, U.S. Route 40 vicinity (Stewart To...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a basement, underground, lobby, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Isaac N. Hagan House, Kentuck Knob, U.S. Route 40 vicinity (Stewart To...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a living room, lobby, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Job Harvey House, Church Road (Charlestown Township), Charlestown, Che...
Significance: The Job Harvey House is a good example of a house built in two stages during the mid-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries with many of its original interior woodwork intact. It is probably the ... More
Anderson Dairy Ranch, House, Centennial Valley, Rural Route 2, Spearfi...
Significance: This house, along with the springhouse and barn, show a continuity in the use of native cut stone and is an excellent example of rural architecture. Survey number: HABS SD-22-B Building/structur... More
Anderson Dairy Ranch, House, Centennial Valley, Rural Route 2, Spearfi...
Significance: This house, along with the springhouse and barn, show a continuity in the use of native cut stone and is an excellent example of rural architecture. Survey number: HABS SD-22-B Building/structur... More
Spencer House, Battlement Mesa, Garfield County, CO
Public domain photograph - historical image of Colorado, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
John Bly House, East side of County Road 857, just north of intersecti...
Significance: Constructed in the mid-nineteenth century, the John Bly House functioned as a stagecoach stop on the Morgantown and Uniontown Turnpike, a major link between Uniontown, in Fayette County, Pennsylva... More
John Bly House, East side of County Road 857, just north of intersecti...
Significance: Constructed in the mid-nineteenth century, the John Bly House functioned as a stagecoach stop on the Morgantown and Uniontown Turnpike, a major link between Uniontown, in Fayette County, Pennsylva... More
Indian Village, Ernest Thompson Seton House, Six miles southeast of Sa...
Survey number: HABS NM-182-A Public domain photograph - New Mexico, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Caneel Bay Plantation, Overseer's House, Cruz Bay, St. John, VI
Survey number: HABS VI-69-C Public domain photograph of ruins in United States, 20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Middletown Preparative Friends Meeting House, Middletown Road, 1 mile ...
Significance: In 1888, the Middletown Preparative Meeting House was significantly altered for the second time in order to conform to changing patterns of meeting house development. Middletown Meeting House was... More
Middletown Preparative Friends Meeting House, Middletown Road, 1 mile ...
Significance: In 1888, the Middletown Preparative Meeting House was significantly altered for the second time in order to conform to changing patterns of meeting house development. Middletown Meeting House was... More
Middletown Preparative Friends Meeting House, Middletown Road, 1 mile ...
Significance: In 1888, the Middletown Preparative Meeting House was significantly altered for the second time in order to conform to changing patterns of meeting house development. Middletown Meeting House was... More
Middletown Preparative Friends Meeting House, Middletown Road, 1 mile ...
Significance: In 1888, the Middletown Preparative Meeting House was significantly altered for the second time in order to conform to changing patterns of meeting house development. Middletown Meeting House was... More
Middletown Preparative Friends Meeting House, Middletown Road, 1 mile ...
Significance: In 1888, the Middletown Preparative Meeting House was significantly altered for the second time in order to conform to changing patterns of meeting house development. Middletown Meeting House was... More
Middletown Preparative Friends Meeting House, Middletown Road, 1 mile ...
Significance: In 1888, the Middletown Preparative Meeting House was significantly altered for the second time in order to conform to changing patterns of meeting house development. Middletown Meeting House was... More
John Bartram House & Garden, Greenhouse, 54th Street & LIndbergh Boule...
Significance: The greenhouse at Bartram's Garden was constructed by John Bartram (1699-1777), the well-known early American botanist and explorer, in 1760-1761. Despite its later incorporation into a larger st... More
John Bartram House & Garden, Greenhouse, 54th Street & LIndbergh Boule...
Significance: The greenhouse at Bartram's Garden was constructed by John Bartram (1699-1777), the well-known early American botanist and explorer, in 1760-1761. Despite its later incorporation into a larger st... More
Federal School House, End of Allgates Drive (Haverford Township), Have...
Significance: This one room schoolhouse is the oldest extant building in Delaware County erected specifically for educational purposes. It also was the location of the first public school in Haverford Township.... More
Mount Evans Crest House, State Route 5, Mount Evans summit, Arapaho Na...
Significance: The Mt. Evans Crest House represents the highest business structure in the United States. Located at the summit of Mt. Evans, at 14,260 feet, this structure is one of the oldest architectural feat... More
Shaker West Family Dwelling House (First), North side of Village Road,...
Survey number: HABS KY-90 National Register of Historic Places NRIS Number: 71000353
Governor Steele House, Mount Vernon Club Place, Jefferson County, CO
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-1 Survey number: HABS CO-36-C-1 Building/structure dates: ca. 1860 Initial Construction
Governor Steele House, Mount Vernon Club Place, Jefferson County, CO
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-1 Survey number: HABS CO-36-C-1 Building/structure dates: ca. 1860 Initial Construction
Bulows Minde Estate House, Bulows Minde, Bulows Minde, St. Croix, VI
Significance: The construction of Bulows Minde was of rubble masonry set in lime mortar with brick lining at wall openings and corners. The second floor and the roof were framed with wood. Exposed masonry walls... More
Henry Fisher House, State Route 622 (Oley Township), Yellow House, Ber...
Significance: The Henry Fisher house is generally acknowledged to be the finest example of the Georgian house in Berks County. Survey number: HABS PA-1027 Building/structure dates: 1801 Initial Construction
Fell Farm, House, Route 202 & Mechanicsville Road, Buckingham, Bucks C...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a residential building, house, 19th-20th century architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Fell Farm, House, Route 202 & Mechanicsville Road, Buckingham, Bucks C...
Public domain photograph - historical image of Pennsylvania, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Arnold-Temple House, Broad Run Road (West Bradford Township), Marshall...
Significance: This early building (c. 1715-1725) was the site of a fulling mill for over 175 years and preserves almost all architectural detail both exterior and interior. Survey number: HABS PA-1109 Buildi... More
Arnold-Temple House, Broad Run Road (West Bradford Township), Marshall...
Significance: This early building (c. 1715-1725) was the site of a fulling mill for over 175 years and preserves almost all architectural detail both exterior and interior. Survey number: HABS PA-1109 Buildi... More
Hoffman Farm, House, Keedysville Road, Sharpsburg, Washington County, ...
Significance: These houses derive their significance from their status as well preserved examples of rural vernacular structures as well as through their association with the Civil War Battle of Antietam. Surv... More
Keim House, West of Lobachsville (Pike Township), Lobachsville, Berks ...
Picryl description: Public domain image of a residential building, house, 19th-20th century architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.
Frankford (Preparative) Friends Meeting House, Corner of Unity & Waln ...
Significance: The original portion of the Frankford Preparative Friends Meeting House was erected in 1775-76, making it the oldest Friends meeting house in Philadelphia. Although the construction of meeting hou... More
Benner House, Bellefonte, Centre County, PA
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-29, FN-30, FN-31 Survey number: HABS PA-335 Building/structure dates: 1812 Initial Construction Building/structure dates: after 1935 Demolished
Benner House, Bellefonte, Centre County, PA
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-29, FN-30, FN-31 Survey number: HABS PA-335 Building/structure dates: 1812 Initial Construction Building/structure dates: after 1935 Demolished
Brinton 1704 House, Oakland Road (Birmingham Township), Dilworthtown, ...
Significance: This early (1704) stone house, although restored, retains much of its original architectural design and is representative of the larger type of dwelling house of a Chester County English Quaker. ... More
Rigbie House, Caselton Road (State Route 623), Darlington, Harford Cou...
Survey number: HABS MD-24 Building/structure dates: ca. 1732 Initial Construction Building/structure dates: ca. 1750 Subsequent Work
High Farm, House, Creek Road, 1 mile West of Easton Road, Pipersville,...
Significance: The High Farm is an excellent example of a Bucks County stone farm house with an unusual floor plan which is almost a mirror image of itself. An unique arrangement of twin, boxed-winder stairways ... More
James Harris House, South Potter Street, Bellefonte, Centre County, PA
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-26, FN-27, FN-28 Survey number: HABS PA-331 Building/structure dates: 1795 Initial Construction Building/structure dates: after 1828 Subsequent Work
Daniel Hoopes House, State Route 926 (Westtown Township), Westtown, Ch...
Significance: This early house (two old sections 1723 and 1740) was owned by a prominent Quaker family and retains much original woodwork and hardware. Survey number: HABS PA-161 Building/structure dates: 17... More
Richard Hough House, Spring House, 20 Moyar Road, Yardley, Bucks Count...
Survey number: HABS PA-5494-A Public domain photograph - historical image of Pennsylvania, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Lundale Farm, House, State Route 100 (South Coventry Township), Pughto...
Significance: The house is a fine example of a well preserved late eighteenth-century local farmhouse which grew to accommodate the needs of the owners. The Townsends, owners during the eighteenth century, were... More
Arney's Mount Friends Meeting House, Southwest corner of Juliustown & ...
Significance: Arney's Mount Friends Meeting House, erected of local Bog Iron stone between 1775 and 1776, represents a particularly domestic-looking meeting house form. The development of this form was likely a... More
Arney's Mount Friends Meeting House, Southwest corner of Juliustown & ...
Significance: Arney's Mount Friends Meeting House, erected of local Bog Iron stone between 1775 and 1776, represents a particularly domestic-looking meeting house form. The development of this form was likely a... More
Thomas Leiper House, 519 Avondale Road, Wallingford, Delaware County, ...
Significance: Important example of an 18th century estate which developed around the manufacturing activities of the Leiper tobacco, sniff, and quarry business. Survey number: HABS PA-1244 Building/structure... More
Stone House and Quarters, Berryville vic., Clarke County, Virginia
Public domain photograph of a historic place in Virginia, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Burgess Foulke House, 26 North Main Street, Quakertown, Bucks County, ...
Significance: Erected by Edward Foulke, it was the home of the first burgess of the Borough of Quakertown and the family homestead for the prominent Foulke family. It is an excellent example of early English Qu... More
Stoltzfus House, U.S. Route 30 vicinity (Valley Township), Coatesville...
Significance: Good example of a mid-eighteenth century house which expanded as needed. Survey number: HABS PA-159 Building/structure dates: 1732 Initial Construction Building/structure dates: 1813 Subsequent... More
London Grove Friends Meeting House, Southwest of Route 926 & Newark Ro...
1997 Charles E. Peterson Prize, Honorable Mention Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: N332 Survey number: HABS PA-6232
De Turck House, State Route 662 vicinity (Oley Township), Oley, Berks ...
Significance: This building is an interesting example of the small stone house built by the early settlers in this area, which usually preceded the erection of a larger house. Unprocessed Field note material ... More
Samuel Lemon House, Gallitzin Road (LR07068), U.S. Route 22 vicinity, ...
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: FN-192 Survey number: HABS PA-1236
Deister Farmstead, House, Route 442, Stull, Douglas County, KS
Survey number: HABS KS-36-A Public domain photograph - historical image of Kansas, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Custom House, State & Pleasant Streets, Portsmouth, Rockingham County,...
Survey number: HABS NH-215 Public domain photograph - historical image of New Hampshire, United States, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
Kaufman House, State Route 662 vicinity (Oley Township), Oley, Berks C...
Significance: The buildings on the Kaufman farm are the finest complete known example of a Pennsylvania-German farm group in the Oley valley. Survey number: HABS PA-1042 Building/structure dates: ca. 1750 In... More
Merion Friends Meeting House, 615 Montgomery Avenue (changed from Mont...
Significance: The construction of Merion began as early as 1695 and was completed by 1715, making it the oldest Friends Meeting House in the Delaware Valley. Its near cruciform plan is unprecedented in a Friend... More