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Rubber reclamation. Reclaiming rubber from scrap tires. An attendant at a large Midwest xylos process plant checks temperature on a continuous belt dryer which removes every trace of water. Recovery of rubber from old casings is based on dissolving and washing away all tire fibers and processing the resultant rubber material. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Reclaiming rubber from scrap tires. An attendant a...

Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Adding tread rubber stock. When the fabric carcass has been built to the proper number of layers and cushion rubber has been added under the tread, the thick, extra tough tread rubber is added, having been molded to the proper shape by extrusion in a previous operation. Mechanical guides help this builder to put the tread on absolutely straight, so the tire will be in perfect balance. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Adding tread rubber stock. When the fabric carcass has been built to t...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain photograph of United States countryside, nature, during 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Drying at top speed. Reeled away from the calendaring machine, the fresh stock rolls over towering drying racks shown here. Weighted tension bars keep the festooned sheet of new fabric taut and straight as it cools and dries. From the drying racks, the fabric travels quickly onto rolls of cloth where it is rolled onto reels small enough to handle. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Drying at top speed. Reeled away from the calendaring machine, the fre...

Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Streaking into the mixture, and forming the marbleized pattern, the powdered components at first can be detected in the mixture; the yellow of sulfur here, the white of zinc there. Soon however, one begins to blend into the other, and before that batch is removed, every element is completely mixed in--thoroughly impregnating every inch of the rubber with the proper elements for the purpose intended. General Tires, Akron, Ohio

Streaking into the mixture, and forming the marbleized pattern, the po...

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Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Caption card lists some of the printing history of image. Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Informa... More

Creel room in action. Two spools are needed for each of the endless cords. As fast as a spool runs out, the auxiliary spool is immediately pulled into service. Each time one of the spools is replaced, the new spool is tied to the end of the spool which is unwinding so that there is never an interruption in any cord. Should a cord break, it is immediately replaced from an emergency spool until the break can be repaired. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Creel room in action. Two spools are needed for each of the endless co...

Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Adding the bead wire. Taking a more solid form, the carcass is now ready for the addition of another bead before the final layers of fabric are added. The bead cover is shaped to the exact curvature of the tire, and fits its diameter perfectly. The bead is forced into position under pressure by the machine controlled with the worker's right hand. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Adding the bead wire. Taking a more solid form, the carcass is now rea...

Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s industrial development, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Marking point for the valve stem. These tires are so perfectly balanced that the weight of the valve stem is allowed and provided for. This woman attaches a label to the tire at the point where the valve stem should be placed. Balancing a tire was once considered unneccessary, until it was demonstrated that out-of-balance tires cause wheel shimmy, excessive wear and many other tire evils. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Marking point for the valve stem. These tires are so perfectly balance...

Public domain photograph - working class people, the 1930s United States, work, labor, worker, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Military tire manufacture. Huge truck tire like those shown in this tire storeroom are playing important part in the nation's war effort. Tires like these are used on huge trucks and military prime movers. Goodyear, Akron, Ohio

Military tire manufacture. Huge truck tire like those shown in this ti...

Public domain photograph of the 1930s-1940s World War Two, armed forces, military production, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Loading raw rubber. Bales of raw rubber, removed from wooden crates in which they have traveled from Singapore, are wheeled up to this endless chain loader, which will automatically feed it into the "guillotine," the first step in making tires at an Ohio tire plant

Loading raw rubber. Bales of raw rubber, removed from wooden crates in...

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Raw rubber wheeled to mill room. Wagonload of cut rubber is carted from the cutting machine into the "make-up" room where ingredients are gathered, weighed and measured for each batch of rubber to be made up into General tires. Firestone (General Tires). Akron, Ohio.

Raw rubber wheeled to mill room. Wagonload of cut rubber is carted fro...

Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Military tire manufacture. Huge truck tire like those shown in this tire storeroom are playing important part in the nation's war effort. Tires like these are used on huge trucks and military prime movers. Goodyear, Akron, Ohio

Military tire manufacture. Huge truck tire like those shown in this ti...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Conversion. Tire plant. This vulcanizing unit, largest in the world, was designed for the vulcanizing of giant tires used on earth-moving machinery, but is now helping out the war program by vulcanizing self-sealing gas tanks for the nation's war planes. The mold containing the tank has been lowered into the vulcanizing unit and the huge cover is being lowered into position before the heat is turned on

Conversion. Tire plant. This vulcanizing unit, largest in the world, w...

Public domain photograph of 1930s America, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Subcontracting aircraft parts. War production is in large measure a story of conversion, a story of using at once facilities already available while newer facilities are being readied. Formerly an airship dock, this huge building--thought to be the largest in the world with no interior supports--is now the scene of many busy shops turning out aircraft sub-assembly parts. Either new housing close to the plant or vastly improved public transportation will eventually have to be supplied, for the tires on the cars of the workers, and perhaps even the cars themselves, will in many instances give in before the end of the present emergency. Goodyear, Akron, Ohio

Subcontracting aircraft parts. War production is in large measure a st...

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Weighing ingredients. As in any recipe, this measuring of ingredients for the "batch" of the rubber must be done with great care. At this point it is determined whether the raw rubber will be converted into tread stock, fabric gum, tube stock, repair material or mechanical rubber stock. All ingredients--rubber, chemicals, liquids--are placed in the metal tub, and delivered to the mill room for processing. General Tires, Akron, Ohio

Weighing ingredients. As in any recipe, this measuring of ingredients ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, workshop, workers, 20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Rubber reclamation. Rubber from old tires. Salvaged rubber, in the form of small pieces, passes over dewatering screens after it leaves the wash tanks. The pieces are secured by dissolving the fabric from gold casings cut into small sections after renewal of bead portions. The process, known as the xylos process, is employed in a large Midwest rubber plant. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Rubber from old tires. Salvaged rubber, in the for...

Public domain photograph of 1930s working-class Americans, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Leaving this tire builder's hands, this finished carcass is rolled away to the vacuum expanding machines, or to storage until these machine operators are ready for it. Since the rubber throughout the carcass is not yet cured, the tire is still somewhat soft and squashy. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Leaving this tire builder's hands, this finished carcass is rolled awa...

Public domain photograph of sport activity, 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires, with beads removed, are fed to the "cracker," or grinding machine, of a big Midwest tire plant. The machine breaks the scrap tire into small pieces to facilitate removal of rubber from fabric. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires, with beads removed, are fed to the "c...

Picryl description: Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, workshop, workers, 20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Storage racks for unshaped carcasses. Awaiting the shaping machine, these "finished" carcasses are hung on opened racks, on which they slide easily on and off. Although these carcasses do not look much like tires, they are only two steps away from final completion. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Storage racks for unshaped carcasses. Awaiting the shaping machine, th...

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Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Caption card lists some of the printing history of image. Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Informa... More

View of the creel room. Spools of cord are brought from storage into this creel room, from which they are woven into tire fabric. Each spool is connected by a complicated pulley arrangement to the bank of cords seen in the center of the picture and travels overhead to reach that bank. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

View of the creel room. Spools of cord are brought from storage into t...

Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, structure, works, 19th-20th century industrial revolution, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description

The woman's touch is final. Double-checked after painting, finished tires pass before this woman to make sure they are perfect, that the sidewall markings are correct and clear. Firestone(General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

The woman's touch is final. Double-checked after painting, finished ti...

Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s industrial development, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Military tire manufacture. Huge truck tire like those shown in this tire storeroom are playing important part in the nation's war effort. Tires like these are used on huge trucks and military prime movers. Goodyear, Akron, Ohio

Military tire manufacture. Huge truck tire like those shown in this ti...

Public domain photograph of the 1930s-1940s World War Two, armed forces, military production, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain photograph of 1930s America, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Off to the calendaring machine. The finished batch is taken by other tire workers to the next step in the milling process. In this instance, the batch goes from the mill room to the calendaring machine, where it will become a part of the cord fabric. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Off to the calendaring machine. The finished batch is taken by other t...

Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s US industrial development, Second World War, US war production, indusry, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

The guillotine. Having slid down the trough on the lower left, the bale  of raw rubber is now being squeezed against the knife blades on the left under terrific pressure. These blades fan out into eight selections, cut the rubber into eights like an orange divides into sections. General Tires (Firestone), Akron, Ohio

The guillotine. Having slid down the trough on the lower left, the bal...

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Tubes are extruded. Much as meat is forced through a grinder, tube rubber is forced through this machine and out the opening at the end, which allows an even flow of rubber to make a seamless rubber tube. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Tubes are extruded. Much as meat is forced through a grinder, tube rub...

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Removing the finished tire from the tire drum. The inner drum shoes are unlocked after the tire is loosened; They are removed, leaving the tire free to slide right off. Then they are replaced and the next tire is started. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Removing the finished tire from the tire drum. The inner drum shoes ar...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain photograph of 1930s America, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Covering the beads. Beads are covered with sturdy fabric which builds back down into the sidewall of the finished tire for added strength. Passenger tires are normally supplied with only one wire bead, but truck tires usually have two or more, depending upon the size, weight and number of plies. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Covering the beads. Beads are covered with sturdy fabric which builds ...

Picryl description: Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, workshop, workers, 20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Giant tire manufacturer. Here a workman is drawing off steam from U.S. Army truck tires just removed from vulcanizing units at a large Eastern rubber plant. Once the steam is released from the air bags inside the tires, the tires will be moved on to the final inspection department before being shipped to the armed forces

Giant tire manufacturer. Here a workman is drawing off steam from U.S....

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Vacuum shaping machine. Flat carcasses taken from the storage racks are placed in this vacuum machine in which two things happen. First a combination vacuum suction and squeezing action pulls the tire into the shape it will always have in use. Second, an airbag is forced into the inside to provide inside strength for the curing step. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Vacuum shaping machine. Flat carcasses taken from the storage racks ar...

Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s industrial development, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Rubber harvest from scrapped tires. Reclaimed, dried scrap rubber is plasticized on the eighty-four-inch mill roll of a xylos process plant in the Midwest. Pigments are added to give the properties desired in the finished product. As it comes off the mill rolls, the reclaimed substance has regained the appearance of new rubber. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Rubber harvest from scrapped tires. Reclaimed, dri...

Public domain photograph of United States agriculture in the 1930s, country, farmer, farm, great depression, migration, dust bowl refugees, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Battery of curing molds. While the curing, or cooking, operation is going on for the tire we have followed through the plant, it is also going on simultaneously for hundreds of other tires in production. This view shows one corridor in the curing room where fifty tires are being cured at once. Additional molds flank this group on both sides of long corridor such as this one. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Battery of curing molds. While the curing, or cooking, operation is go...

Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, structure, works, 19th-20th century industrial revolution, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description

Closing the cover of the mold. Entirely automatic, the "watch-case" mold is closed by pushing a button, which starts several operations. First the airbag is filled with live steam which circulates during the entire process; next an automatic timer sets itself for the proper length of time and temperature; next pressure is exerted to squeeze the tire into the mold pattern. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Closing the cover of the mold. Entirely automatic, the "watch-case" mo...

Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s industrial development, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain photograph of the United States military and military-industrial complex before World War Two, 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Sealing and shaping the bead. Each new bead must be sealed into position by this forming tool as well as by use of the solvent-cement compound. Every tire built is the personal achievement of the expert tire builder. Building a larger size truck tire often consumes a full day's work! Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Sealing and shaping the bead. Each new bead must be sealed into positi...

Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s industrial development, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Wrapping in cloth prevents sticking. Reels of fabric may be stored for a few moments or a few days, wrapped in cloth to prevent it from sticking to itself when rolled up. These reels are brought from storage to machines such as this, in which the fabric is out on a powered bias cutter to exact length for one ply of a tire. This worker is making a layer of two plies, with the cords running at right angles, one laid on top of the other. This layer will later be used by a tire builder in building up the plies of his tire to the required number. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Wrapping in cloth prevents sticking. Reels of fabric may be stored for...

Public domain photograph of 1930s industry, war production in the United States free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Rubber "spaghetti" from old tires. In the xylos process of reclaiming scrap in a Midwest plant, rubber is forced through a screen by a large worn screw, and bits of metal and fiber are removed.  Ropy lengths of rubber, ready for the final refining operation, are extruded. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Rubber "spaghetti" from old tires. In the xylos pr...

Public domain photograph - working class people, the 1930s United States, work, labor, worker, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Shaping the sidewall. Moistening the bead area with a special rubber solvent and cement, the tire builder makes ready to force the overhanging edges down and around to the bead where it will first be anchored, then trimmed. The wheel spins and stops by foot control, leaving both hands free for work upon the tire itself. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Shaping the sidewall. Moistening the bead area with a special rubber s...

Public domain photograph of 1930s industry, war production in the United States free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a coal mine, industrial facility, mining industry, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Rolling for Uncle Sam. Rolling away a finished tire, this tire company worker is proud of the job it will do, for it is a huge airplane bomber tire, of the kind used by Uncle Sam on his giant defenders. The tire will receive a few finishing touches before shipping, although it is ready for service as is. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Rolling for Uncle Sam. Rolling away a finished tire, this tire company...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a bomber aircraft, military aviation, air forces, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Rubber reclamation. Rubber sheets from scrap tires. Reclaimed rubber, with all traces of metal and fiber removed, is passed through a series of mill rolls and taken off in sheets form the final roll. This rubber, reclaimed by the xylos process, is now ready for processing into thousands of mechanical rubber products vital to the war production effort. It is also put to many uses in which reclaimed stock is more desirable than new rubber. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Rubber sheets from scrap tires. Reclaimed rubber, ...

Public domain photograph of 1930s industry, war production in the United States free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain photograph of the United States military and military-industrial complex before World War Two, 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain image of a romantic ruins landscape, classical architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description

Checking fabric rolling off calendar. Through this calendaring machine, the heated cords are squeezed through warm rubber under terrific pressure which completely insulates each individual cord in its own sheath of rubber, and produces an extremely strong fabric of the weftless type. Close watch is kept to maintain uniform thickness and texture at all times. In front of the worker is the trough into which a fresh supply of special gum rubber is constantly being added. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Checking fabric rolling off calendar. Through this calendaring machine...

Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s US industrial development, Second World War, US war production, indusry, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Warehouse view of cord stock. Cord stock as it is received from the mill. This special twist cotton cord comes from southern mills. It differs from other tire cords in that it is woven and twisted by gear-driven machinery instead of belt-driven equipment. Slips and strains of belt-machinery are reflected in the cord and on into the finished tire, whereas in a gear-driven machine there are no slippages, therefore no weakened cords in the finished tire. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Warehouse view of cord stock. Cord stock as it is received from the mi...

Public domain photograph of United States agriculture in the 1930s, country, farmer, farm, great depression, migration, dust bowl refugees, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Producing reclaimed rubber. One of the machines used in converting scrap rubber into reclaim stock in a large Midwest plant which utilizes old tires in making sheet rubber. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Producing reclaimed rubber. One of the machines us...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Rubber reclamation. Harvesting rubber from discarded tires. Scrap rubber, reclaimed by dissolving and washing out the fibrous materials in old casings, goes through the first refining process in a big Midwest plant. The cleaned, plasticized scrap passes through rolls which carry off dirt and foreign particles at the sides. The refined rubber is then gathered in sheets for further steps in the xylos process. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Harvesting rubber from discarded tires. Scrap rubb...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Placing the raw tube in the curing mold. This tire worker gives the tubes the same treatment his co-workers give tires; They are cured in a watch-case mold for the required length of time at the proper heat. Naturally tubes take less time than tires because they are single thickness. They are their own "airbags" and are cured inside and out by having live steam forced through them during the cooking process. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Placing the raw tube in the curing mold. This tire worker gives the tu...

Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Molds automatically open. At the end of the curing time, the mold draws the steam out of the airbag, opens the lid and ejects the tire from the tread pattern. Workers need to do nothing but pull out the finished tire and put in another uncured carcass. General Tires, Firestone, Akron, Ohio

Molds automatically open. At the end of the curing time, the mold draw...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Forming the bead with "saucer," this tire builder follows every curve of the tire, shaping and pressing on the new layer. This saucer is matched by another on the far side of the tire which works on the other side at the same time, assuring perfect balance of the finished tire. The saucers may be swiveled in every direction to press the tire at right angles or lightly at a tangent. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Forming the bead with "saucer," this tire builder follows every curve ...

Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Conversion. Tire plant. This vulcanizing unit, largest in the world, was designed for the vulcanizing of giant tires used on earth-moving machinery, but is now helping out the war program by vulcanizing self-sealing gas tanks for the nation's war planes. The special mold containing the tank is being lowered into position in the tire vulcanizing unit. When it is in place, the huge cover of the unit will be lowered into position and closed. The heat will then be turned on to cure the raw rubber of the gas tank

Conversion. Tire plant. This vulcanizing unit, largest in the world, w...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of a machine, industrial equipment, engine, generator, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Removing cured tube from mold. As the tire molds are all-automatic, so are the tube molds. This one has just opened; all the operator need do is remove the finished tube and put in another raw one. Note the seam marks in the mold itself, which leave their imprint on the tube. Thus a seamless tube may appear to have a collection of many sections. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Removing cured tube from mold. As the tire molds are all-automatic, so...

Picryl description: Public domain image of an aircraft, assembly line, industrial facility, 1930s aviation, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain photograph of 1930s America, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Last grain of powder is dumped into the mill hopper as another hatch is completely filled. Next batch is in the foreground but will not be started until the present one is completely mixed. Mixing time varies with the characteristic of the batch, both as to the number of ingredients and the speed with which they mix thoroughly into the rubber. General Tires, Akron, Ohio

Last grain of powder is dumped into the mill hopper as another hatch i...

Picryl description: Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, workshop, workers, 20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Subcontracting aircraft parts. War production is in large measure a story of conversion, a story of using at once facilities already available while newer facilities are being readied. Formerly an airship dock, this huge building--thought to be the largest in the world with no interior supports--is now the scene of many busy shops turning out aircraft sub-assembly parts. Either new housing close to the plant or vastly improved public transportation will eventually have to be supplied, for the tires on the cars of the workers, and perhaps even the cars themselves, will in many instances give in before the end of the present emergency. Goodyear, Akron, Ohio

Subcontracting aircraft parts. War production is in large measure a st...

Picryl description: Public domain image of an architectural element, dome, cathedral, classical architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

The art of mixing and milling requires skillful judgement and deftness of hand. Part of the secret of these tires lies in the careful training and supervision of these skilled workers. Rubber is flopped and turned over and over again, slashed and bunched in some sports, permitted to run thin in others. Although not sticky to the hand, the rubber instantly bonds to itself when loose end are brought together. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

The art of mixing and milling requires skillful judgement and deftness...

Picryl description: Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, workshop, workers, 20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Conversion. Tire plant. This vulcanizing unit, largest in the world, was designed for the vulcanizing of giant tires used on earth-moving machinery; is now helping out the war program by vulcanizing self-sealing gas tanks for the nation's war planes. The mold containing the tank has been lowered into the vulcanizing unit and the huge cover is being lowered into position before the heat is turned on

Conversion. Tire plant. This vulcanizing unit, largest in the world, w...

Picryl description: Public domain image of an aircraft, assembly line, industrial facility, 1930s aviation, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Splicing the line. The loose end in the worker's left hand is feeding an uninterrupted supply of cord to the machine from an emergency spool at the worker's feet. Meantime he searches through the maze of cords to find the one which has broken, to make his splice, and to resume the supply from the regular spool. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Splicing the line. The loose end in the worker's left hand is feeding ...

Public domain photograph of 1930s working-class Americans, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Wrapping truck tires. All sizes of tires can be wrapped by this machinery, which has an opening just large enough for the tire to pass through. It throws a semi-circular catapult through the middle of the tire; the catapult carries the roll of paper with it, unwinding as it goes. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Wrapping truck tires. All sizes of tires can be wrapped by this machin...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

The woman's touch is final. Double-checked after painting, finished tires pass before this woman to make sure they are perfect, that the sidewall markings are correct and clear. Firestone(General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

The woman's touch is final. Double-checked after painting, finished ti...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Rubber reclamation. Recovering rubber from old tires. In the central wash tanks of a large Midwest plant employing the xylos process, agitated water removes dirt, treated fiber and excess fiber solvent. This operation follows removal of bead portions from scrap casings, breaking of casings into small pieces and dissolving of fiber in caustic soda. The resultant phases of rubber are then pumped to dewatering sources. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Recovering rubber from old tires. In the central w...

Public domain photograph of industrial architecture, factory building, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain photograph of the United States military and military-industrial complex before World War Two, 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Centering fabric on the drum. The fabric layer is slipped onto the drum, layer upon layer, by the use of a rod forced between the last layer applied and the one being applied while the wheel is spinning. This rod stretches the new fabric sufficiently to permit the loop to fit snugly in place--clear on the carcass. After the fabric is in approximate position, the tire builder checks it for accuracy by stopping the wheel, bending the overhanging edges over to see that they each overhang the same distance. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Centering fabric on the drum. The fabric layer is slipped onto the dru...

Public domain photograph of 1930s America, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Shaping the tire with "saucers." Spinning discs which are delicately controlled by movable arms smooth out each layer of fabric as it is added to the growing carcass, and curves around the sidewall and bead with considerable pressure. In the center foreground, one of these saucers may be seen as this tire builder maneuvers it around the sharp corner of the tire drum. In the right foreground two others pull across from the center to the edges to smooth out each layer. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Shaping the tire with "saucers." Spinning discs which are delicately c...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory worker, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions. show less

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Giant tire manufacturer. A steady stream of large, rugged tires for Uncle Sam's fighting forces, like those above, is now in mass production at this large Eastern plant. Here workmen are shifting newly vulcanized tires to conveyor lines that will take them to final inspection department. They are then shipped to the fighting forces to help build the ever-increasing number of mobile and mechanized units in America's hard-striking war machine

Giant tire manufacturer. A steady stream of large, rugged tires for Un...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Caption card lists some of the printing history of image. Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Informa... More

Through final inspection. Tires on an endless-crane overhead, swing through the final inspection department and spray paint booth where they are given a preservative coat of special tire paint. The tire-around-the-man is the new military tire--the non-directional. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Through final inspection. Tires on an endless-crane overhead, swing th...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Tying in new spools. This is a highly skilled occupation, and is supervised at this tire company by a man whose previous training was in a weaving mill in Scotland. The deft weaver's knot, which will not pull out, must be tied in the fraction of a second whenever a break occurs, to catch the broken ends together without interrupting the flow of cord. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Tying in new spools. This is a highly skilled occupation, and is super...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory worker, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions. show less

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Marking point for the valve stem. These tires are so perfectly balanced that the weight of the valve stem is allowed and provided for. This woman attaches a label to the tire at the point where the valve stem should be placed. Balancing a tire was once considered unneccessary, until it was demonstrated that out-of-balance tires cause wheel shimmy, excessive wear and many other tire evils. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Marking point for the valve stem. These tires are so perfectly balance...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Wrapping truck tires. All sizes of tires can be wrapped by this machinery, which has an opening just large enough for the tire to pass through. It throws a semi-circular catapult through the middle of the tire; the catapult carries the roll of paper with it, unwinding as it goes. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Wrapping truck tires. All sizes of tires can be wrapped by this machin...

Picryl description: Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, workshop, workers, 20th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Putting tire into curing mold. From the vacuum expander, the potential new truck tire is taken to this "watch-case" curing mold in which it is baked under high heat and pressure for a long time. The exact time and temperature varies with the type and size of tire. The airbag inside the carcass is filled with live steam during this process so that heat is added from both inside and out. The mold contains the tread pattern, or design, as well as all markings which will appear on sidewall. Under this heat and pressure the rubber turns semi-liquid, and flows into every crevice, completely bonding the rubber processed fabric carcass to the cushion, the cushion to the tread. After this operation it is now one unit--a complete tire. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Putting tire into curing mold. From the vacuum expander, the potential...

Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Contact print either attached to or in original negative jacket. Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War ... More

Loading raw rubber. Bales of raw rubber, removed from wooden crates in which they have traveled from Singapore, are wheeled up to this endless chain loader, which will automatically feed it into the "guillotine," the first step in making tires at an Ohio tire plant

Loading raw rubber. Bales of raw rubber, removed from wooden crates in...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Caption card lists some of the printing history of image. Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Informa... More

Rubber reclamation. Rubber "mush" from old tires. Softened rubber material, reclaimed from scrap tires by dissolving and washing away the fiber, passes from dewatering screens to storage bins. The rubber, still hot from steam used in previous operations, is kept moving into a squeezing device before proceeding to the drying and other operations of the xylos process. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Rubber "mush" from old tires. Softened rubber mate...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Adding valve patch and stamping. As the endless tube passes by, the proper length of each tube is automatically crimped into the edge, and serves as a guide for placing the valve patch and stamping the trade name. This tire worker operates both sides of this machine....places the patch into position before it reaches the pressure rollers, and stamps the name just after it leaves the rollers. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Adding valve patch and stamping. As the endless tube passes by, the pr...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a factory worker, plant, manufacture, assembly line, industrial facility, early 20th-century industrial architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions. show less

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Public domain photograph of United States agriculture in the 1930s, country, farmer, farm, great depression, migration, dust bowl refugees, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

On the mill rollers. First the raw rubber is wedged into the revolving steel drums and mashed into a flat sheet which clings to one of the rollers like clothes sometimes stick to a clothes-wringer. Powders and liquids tossed into the center of this surging mass soon become a part of it. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

On the mill rollers. First the raw rubber is wedged into the revolving...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

As the steel rollers revolve, the worker slashes out a section of a size easy to handle and rolls it into an armful. He holds his razor tightly against the drum until the proper amount has rolled up, then makes a quick, diagonal slash across the drum, cutting this piece away from the milling roll, and carries it away to a nearby truck. Usually there are about a half-dozen arm-sized rolls of prepared rubber in each completed batch. They are cut away in succession until all have been used up. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

As the steel rollers revolve, the worker slashes out a section of a si...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires, with beads removed, are fed to the "cracker," or grinding machine, of a big Midwest tire plant. The machine breaks the scrap tire into small pieces to facilitate removal of rubber from fabric by the xylos process. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires, with beads removed, are fed to the "c...

Public domain image of an industrial building, factory, structure, works, 19th-20th century industrial revolution, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description

Lunch on the job. Lunchtime in the creel room does not release workers from watching the flow of the cord. Whereas there is not often an emergency break, someone must be on hand in case the emergency should arise. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Lunch on the job. Lunchtime in the creel room does not release workers...

Public domain photograph of indoor, interior activity, America in the 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Headed for last cleanup. Six giant truck tires, of the non-directional type are being wheeled in for cleaning and painting. This pattern, developed for the U.S. Army in 1941 is used for field equipment....gives excellent traction in forward or reverse because of the horizontal cleats, yet rides well on the highway on the continuous center rib. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Headed for last cleanup. Six giant truck tires, of the non-directional...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Caption card lists some of the printing history of image. Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Informa... More

A black and white photo of a man working in a factory. Office of War Information Photograph

A black and white photo of a man working in a factory. Office of War I...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Salvage. Scrap rubber collection. Have you any old rubber lying around? Look at this picture closely and you will find many things that you too can contribute to the national scrap rubber pile. This accumulation in the yards of the Dowenthal Company in Akron, Ohio, contains old bicycle tires, hot water bottles, fruit jar rings, rubber heals and soles, floor mats, tire patches, hose connections, tubing, gaskets, fan belts, washers, in fact, everything but rubber checks

Salvage. Scrap rubber collection. Have you any old rubber lying around...

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of costume accessory, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944... More

Replenishing gum rubber for tire cords. A new supply of gum for the fabric is being carried to the calendaring machine by this worker. After having been milled originally by processes previously described, the moment of impregnation by auxiliary mills alongside the calendaring machine. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Replenishing gum rubber for tire cords. A new supply of gum for the fa...

Public domain photograph of the United States in the 1930s, portraits, people, events, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Rubber reclamation. Rubber "mush" from old tires. Softened rubber material, reclaimed from scrap tires by dissolving and washing away the fiber, passes from dewatering screens to storage bins. The rubber, still hot from steam used in previous operations, is kept moving into a squeezing device before proceeding to the drying and other operations of the xylos process. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Rubber "mush" from old tires. Softened rubber mate...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Caption card lists some of the printing history of image. Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Informa... More

Rubber reclamation. Old tires transformed. A stockpile of reclaimed rubber in a big Midwest recovery plant employing the xylos process. The thick, heavy sheets are ready for processing into essential products not requiring virgin rubber. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Old tires transformed. A stockpile of reclaimed ru...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Milling fabric stock. The batch nears completion. Smoothly mixed, the batch of rubber has lost all streaks and patterns and has become a solid mass of thoroughly integrated rubber stock. The rubber shown in this picture is quite soft and sticky, characteristic of the gum rubber which is used to impregnate cord fabric. Firestone (General Tires), Akron, Ohio

Milling fabric stock. The batch nears completion. Smoothly mixed, the ...

Public domain photograph of the United States military and military-industrial complex before World War Two, 1930s, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Making the wire beads. Beads which reinforce the tire and hold it firmly on the rim, are made of the highest grade piano wire, and are extremely tough and durable. They must be made to precisely the correct length, and are foiled on the machine illustrated here. Care must be taken that there are no burrs, slivers or rough spots which might cut into the bead wrapping or fabric. General Tires, Akron, Ohio

Making the wire beads. Beads which reinforce the tire and hold it firm...

Public domain photograph of 1930s-1940s industrial development, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Through final inspection. Tires on an endless-crane overhead, swing through the final inspection department and spray paint booth where they are given a preservative coat of special tire paint. The tire-around-the-man is the new military tire--the non-directional. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Through final inspection. Tires on an endless-crane overhead, swing th...

Public domain photograph of the 1930s-1940s World War Two, armed forces, military production, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Storage racks for unshaped carcasses. Awaiting the shaping machine, these "finished" carcasses are hung on opened racks, on which they slide easily on and off. Although these carcasses do not look much like tires, they are only two steps away from final completion. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Storage racks for unshaped carcasses. Awaiting the shaping machine, th...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Caption card lists some of the printing history of image. Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Informa... More

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. Systematic piling and sectional arrangement reduce fire hazard. Special processes will separate metal from the tires and tube bodies. The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Firestone

Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of dis...

Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). Caption card lists some of the printing history of image. Title and other information from caption card. Transfer; United States. Office of War Informa... More

Testing the finished tube before packing. Fully inflated, every tube is tested by immersion in water before being dried, and packed for shipment. Rarely do workers find an imperfect tube, but this extra precaution is taken in every instance--just in case. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Testing the finished tube before packing. Fully inflated, every tube i...

Picryl description: Public domain image of a worker, labor, factory, plant, manufacture, industrial facility, 1930s, mid-20th-century industrial photo, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

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