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Abandoned tenant house seen across tractored fields. Hall County, Texas. Many tenants who have filled the land on the family-farm basis are made landless, forced by the machine into the towns, or reduced to day labor on the farms. Large numbers who have gone to the towns have fallen on relief, or even have sought refuge in distant parts. Not only is their security gone, but the opportunity even to rise to ownership is diminished, for profitable operation of mechanized farms requires more land and more capital equipment per farm

Family of agricultural day laborers living in tent near Spiro, Oklahoma. This family had farmed in this vicinity for twenty-five years but could no longer find a place to rent. They had no money and no car but hoped to get work in the potato fields and chopping cotton and picking roasting ears. They wanted to buy a car and get on to California but if they couldn't make it the man said they couldn't run him out of Oklahoma

Tulare County. Farm Security Administration camp (FSA) for migratory agricultural workers at Farmersville. Mother and child, come to California from Oklahoma. They have six children, aged two to nineteen years. The mother finished the eighth grade in school. They left their farming in Chicasha in the fall of 1936 to go to Arizona to pick cotton. They returned to Oklahoma to try again; failed and re-entered California February 27, 1938 to pick peas under a labor contractor. The father is chairman of camp council

Former Texas tenant farmers displaced by power farming

Native Texan farmer on relief. Goodliet, Hardeman County, Texas. "Tractored out" in late 1937. Now living in town, and on the verge of relief. Wife and two children. "Well, I know I've got to make a move but I don't know where to. I can stay off relief until the first of the year. After that I don't know. I've eat up two cows and a pair of horses this past year. Neither drink nor gamble, so I must have eat'n 'em up. I've got left two horses and two cows and some farm tools. Owe a grocery bill. If had gradutated land tax on big farms, that would put the little man back again. One man had six renters last year. Kept one. Of the five, one went to Oklahoma, one got a farm south of town and three got no place. They're on WPA (Works Progress Administration). Another man put fifteen families off this year. Another had twenty-eight renters and now has two. In the Progressive Farmer it said that relief had spoiled the renters so they had to get tractors. But them men that's doing the talking for the community is the big landowners. They got money to go to Washington. That's what keeps us from writing. A letter I would write would sound silly up there."

Fruit farmer clearing out irrigation ditch. Placer County, California. Irrigated farming is a new thing to this man who migrated from Oklahoma and has now bought a farm through the Federal Land Bank. Fruit farmers in this section are fast losing their farms due to long indebtedness to Federal Land Bank and many farms are being bought by Okies and Japanese who, because of lower living standards and willingness to grow gardens, cows and pigs instead of specializing exclusively in fruit, have a chance to make a go of the farms.

Rural rehabilitation, Tulare County, California. This farm couple have been assisted to independence. In Feburary 1936 they rented a neglected farm of forty acres planted in grapes. They had no equipment, no stock, no seed, no money. Farm Security Administration (FSA) granted a loan of one thousand two hundred and sixty one dollars to cover these items, and four months subsistence for the family. Now November 1938, they are reestablished on a successful diversified farm, with a cash crop provided by vineyard, cows, hogs, and pigs

Native Texas tenant farmer. Near Goodliet, Texas. Aged seventy; seventeen years on the same farm. Is to be "tractored out" at the end of 1938. One son has been tractored out and has been on WPA (Work Projects Administration) for two years. Another son was tractored out in 1937. Has moved to town and remains temporarily off relief by selling his livestock. "What are my boys going to do? It's not a question of what they're going to do. It's a question of what they're going to have to do. They're not any up there in Congress but what are big landowners and they're going to see that the program is in their interest. As long as the government is paying the landowner more to let the land out than they make by renting it, they won't rent it."

Texas tenant farmers who have been displaced from their land by tractor farming

Abandoned tenant house seen across tractored fields. Hall County, Texas. Many tenants who have filled the land on the family-farm basis are made landless, forced by the machine into the towns, or reduced to day labor on the farms. Large numbers who have gone to the towns have fallen on relief, or even have sought refuge in distant parts. Not only is their security gone, but the opportunity even to rise to ownership is diminished, for profitable operation of mechanized farms requires more land and more capital equipment per farm

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Summary

Public domain image of a large historic building, city hall, urban architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description

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texas hall county farms buildings operations nitrate negatives lesley tenant house tenant house fields hall many many tenants land family farm basis family farm basis landless machine towns labor day labor farms large numbers large numbers relief refuge parts security opportunity rise ownership operation equipment united states history farming country farm farm equipment library of congress
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Date

01/01/1938
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Contributors

Lange, Dorothea, photographer
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Location

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Source

Library of Congress
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Link

http://www.loc.gov/
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Copyright info

No known restrictions. For information, see U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black & White Photographs http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/071_fsab.html

label_outline Explore Landless, Ownership, Day Labor

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texas hall county farms buildings operations nitrate negatives lesley tenant house tenant house fields hall many many tenants land family farm basis family farm basis landless machine towns labor day labor farms large numbers large numbers relief refuge parts security opportunity rise ownership operation equipment united states history farming country farm farm equipment library of congress