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Cheney Silk Mills. Favorable working conditions. Location: South Manchester, Connecticut
A woman is working on a machine in a factory. America during Great Depression and World War Two. FSA / OWI Photograph.
Rochester, New York. Madison E. Butler, assistant chief inspector for the Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Manufacturing Company, who developed a visual-lamp indicator to test field telephone switchboards and which the U.S. Army Signal Corps claims has saved the equivalent of almost thirty-seven years work, shown at his testing instrument. He received one of the first five "Citations of Individual Production Merit" for his idea which has an outstanding effect on the entire war effort
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Rochester, New York. Madison E. Butler, assistant chief inspector for the Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Manufacturing Company, who developed a visual-lamp indicator to test field telephone switchboards and which the U.S. Army Signal Corps claims has saved the equivalent of almost thirty-seven years work, shown at his testing instrument. He received one of the first five "Citations of Individual Production Merit" for his idea which has an outstanding effect on the entire war effort
Mary Petillo, forelady of a Newark, New Jersey factory making lamp bulbs and tubes for the Signal Corps, is an active member of her plant's laboratory management committee. The committee, set up in cooperation with the War Production Board's drive to speed victory, was elected in Mary's plant from a personnel of 1700, 350 of them men. Vice-president of her local, United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, Congress of Industrial Organization, Mary achieved the job of forelady by working working as a hand at many varied operations. She has made a suggestion to conserve bakelite lamp bases formerly discarded--a suggestion now in use at the plant--and is also the inventor of an apparatus which prevents short-circuiting during tests of lamps
Minneapolis. The job's done and Peter Dockas, right, who by his ingenuity transformed the basement of this appliance shop at 2622 East Lake Street, Minneapolis, into a war industry, smiles. Dockas today was packaging the last of 150 radio control devices manufactured for the U.S. Army Signal Ccorps, while W.R. Stephens, left, Minnesota manager of the War Production Board (WPB) contract distributions branch, and H.C. Timberlake, former manager who helped Dockas get his contract, look on
Army demonstration of new telephone and teletype systems. Washington, D.C., Feb. 25. Utilizing two recent developments in electrical communication. the Army today demonstrated its ability to communicate instantaneously between its Washington Headquarters and its various units in different parts of the country. the test consisted of a long distance telephone conference call over circuits normally employed for commercial telephone service. The hookup interconnected general staff officers in Washington with commanders of the Nine-Corp areas in their respective headquarters at New York, Atlanta, Chicago, Boston, Baltimore, Columbus, Omaha, San Antonio, and San Francisco. Left to right: Col. Robert Eichelberger, Sec. To the General Staff; Chief of Staff General Malin Craig; and the Chief Signal Officer General J.O. Mauborgne, 2/25/38
Chief of Signal Corp. tests new public address system. Washington, D.C., June 27. A new high powered public address system recently procured by the Signal Corps of the Army was tested today by the Chief Signal officer Major General J.O. Mauborgne. Manufactured in accordance with specifications prepared in the office of the Chief Signal Officer, the new sound unit is designed to provide a mobile sounds system which will afford a maximum of reliability, ease of operation, fidelity of reproduction, and sound area coverage. It is the most powerful and completely equiped unit of its kind in the Army today, capable of covering an audience of 1,000,000(?) persons, 62738
Army demonstration of new telephone and teletype systems. Washington, D.C., Feb. 25. Utilizing two recent developments in electrical communication. the Army today demonstrated its ability to communicate instantaneously between its Washington Headquarters and its various units in different parts of the country. the test consisted of a long distance telephone conference call over circuits normally employed for commercial telephone service. The hookup interconnected general staff officers in Washington with commanders of the Nine-Corp areas in their respective headquarters at New York, Atlanta, Chicago, Boston, Baltimore, Columbus, Omaha, San Antonio, and San Francisco. Left to right: Col. Robert Eichelberger, Sec. To the General Staff; Chief of Staff General Malin Craig; and the Chief Signal Officer General J.O. Mauborgne, 22538
"Me and the old gent." Jake Sparling, sixty, head of the two-man shop of the Sparling Pulley Manufacturing Company, Bay City, Michigan. He and his seventy-nine-year-old ex-lumberjack helper were recognized by Donald Nelson as the only two-man labor- management war production drive committee in the United States. The two work fifteen hours a day, seven days a week, and, unaided, have produced 18,000 steel flanges for war equipment in eighteen months
"Me and the old gent." Jake Sparling, sixty, head of the two-man shop of the Sparling Pulley Manufacturing Company, Bay City, Michigan. He and his seventy-nine-year-old ex-lumberjack helper were recognized by Donald Nelson as the only two-man labor- management war production drive committee in the United States. The two work fifteen hours a day, seven days a week, and, unaided, have produced 18,000 steel flanges for war equipment in eighteen months
In the left foreground are four operators at telephones, one connected with the first aid center, one with the decontamination squads, one with the disaster units and the fourth with the emergency service division. There is a twenty-six watt transmitter and receiver to maintain communcations with units in the field. Two of the operators to the right receive calls and note information for the general public, while one operator handles both incoming and outgoing business calls. This demonstration board was set up at the huge October civilian defense show in Madison Square Garden, New York
Rochester, New York. Madison E. Butler, assistant chief inspector for the Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Manufacturing Company, who developed a visual-lamp indicator to test field telephone switchboards and which the U.S. Army Signal Corps claims has saved the equivalent of almost thirty-seven years work, shown at his testing instrument. He received one of the first five "Citations of Individual Production Merit" for his idea which has an outstanding effect on the entire war effort
Summary
Public domain photograph of the 1930s-1940s World War Two, armed forces, military production, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description
The invention of the telephone still remains a confusing morass of claims and counterclaims, which were not clarified by the huge mass of lawsuits to resolve the patent claims of commercial competitors. The Bell and Edison patents, however, dominated telephone technology and were upheld by court decisions in the United States. Bell has most often been credited as the inventor of the first practical telephone. Alexander Graham Bell was the first to patent the telephone as an "apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically". The telephone exchange was an idea of the Hungarian engineer Tivadar Puskás (1844 - 1893) in 1876, while he was working for Thomas Edison on a telegraph exchange. Before the invention of the telephone switchboard, pairs of telephones were connected directly with each other, practically functioned as an intercom. Although telephones devices were in use before the invention of the telephone exchange, their success and economical operation would have been impossible with the schema and structure of the contemporary telegraph systems. A telephone exchange was operated manually by operators, or automatically by machine switching. It interconnects individual phone lines to make calls between them. The first commercial telephone exchange was opened at New Haven, Connecticut, with 21 subscribers on 28 January 1878, in a storefront of the Boardman Building in New Haven, Connecticut. George W. Coy designed and built the world's first switchboard for commercial use. The District Telephone Company of New Haven went into operation with only twenty-one subscribers, who paid $1.50 per month, a one-night price for a room in a city-center hotel. Coy was inspired by Alexander Graham Bell's lecture at the Skiff Opera House in New Haven on 27 April 1877. In Bell's lecture, during which a three-way telephone connection with Hartford and Middletown, Connecticut, was demonstrated, he first discussed the idea of a telephone exchange for the conduct of business and trade.
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