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[Russian officers on a tour of inspection among the hill forts during the siege of Port Arthur]

Shepherd with "Corporal", his dog and flocks of sheep. Five husky Boche prisoners in the background. American Red Cross Agricultural Training Centre for French Mutiles. Le Liege (Indre-et-Loire)

CHATEAU DE GRAND VAL. Sucy-en-Brie. Country home for refugee children from St. Sulpice. Driving the cows home at Grand Val, a large estate near Paris which has been converted into a country home for the delicate children among the refugees received at St. Sulpice in Paris. The AMERICAN RED CROSS sends doctors and nurses to care for these delicate children whose condition improves remarkably in the healthy surroundings

Set of thirteen select slides of shepherd life, illustrating the Twenty Third Psalm. "The Lord is my shepherd".

A black and white photo of two men in a field. Great Depression FSA photogpraph

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The Best Farm in Montenegro. Here is the most fertile farm in the smallest and least productive of all the Balkan states, Montenegro. It consists of thirty acres and was bought with money earned in the American steel mills. For the owner emigrated to America and remained for six years. He returned and invested his savings in this land and is now considered wealthy by his fellow countrymen. He has three head of cattle and a flock of sheep and goats. His home, a one-room shack can be seen to the left. The fence that encloses his truck garden he built himself, weaving it from brush. He is one of the few who did not need American aid, which was brought to Montenegro by the Red Cross immediately after the armistice. This "prosperous" farm gives an idea of the condition of the other farmers of the country who have not so much or such fertile ground

In the Mountains of Montenegro. An aged mountaineer and his wife in front of their one-room stone house in the heart of of the Black Mountain Country. Their condition, ragged and comfortless, is typical of these people today. Their only possession of any value is the cow in the foreground. This ownership gives them a standing in the community, because cattle are rare since the enemy invasion. It is this type of people: hard-working, innocent victims of a great world upheaval that the American Red Cross is trying to aid in its relief work in the Balkans

Most Fertile Valley in Montenegro. Perhaps there are one hundred acres of cultivable land in all of this valley in the interior of Montenegro, but it is by far the richest farm land in the country. Productive soil is one of the scarcest things in the little Balkan state, while Montenegrins say that they have more rocks and stones than all other nations together. But with all this the people of this country have to live off their farms almost entirely. During the war the enemy occupation production dwindled. After the armistice, when the American Red Cross arrived with relief, they found hundreds of children dying of malnutrition and the population in rags. Mobile medical units were sent into the farming district to look after the sick and tons of clothing and food distributed to the women and children

American Food "Welcomest" Thing in Montenegro. Landing a steamer of food at Ragusa, on the Dalmatian coast, bringing American food supplies for the needy of Montenegro. Almost no food is to be had in this section of the Balkans, except that furnished by outside relief organizations, and the people have reached a state of weakness from hunger that is appalling. The American Red Cross has distributed tons of food and clothing in all outlying districts and in the cities. Women and children have been the greatest sufferers, and they were in a state of complete helplessness. What with shortage of men and labor, and prolonged political helplessness, and governmental disturbances, production is at a very low ebb, and consequently the women and children already much weakened from deprivations of every sort, are martyrs

Beneath the Earth's Crust. Hundreds of men, women and children of Montenegro are living this winterin natural caves, such as the one pictured here. The war and enemy occupation of their country made them homeless and destitute. So they picked the only shelter available. Note the preparation for winter, in the beginning of a wall of loose stones to cover the entrnace to the catacomb. American Red Cross releif workers in Montenegro found these people with no more implements and tools for living than were possessed by the cave-man of the Stone age. So they are doing their best with the distribution of used clothing and blankets, medical treatment for the sick and care of the children to make the cave dwellers' existence as comfortable as possible this winter

American Monopoly in Montenegro. There are only four hospitals in the whole country of Montenegro, and they were established and operated by the American Red Cross. Here is one of the ones at Niksic where a hundred patients can be cared for at a time. The building has been abandoned but it was cleaned and repaired by the Americans, and made into a good hospital. From investigations made by nurses and doctors it is known that half of the population are afflicted with some diseases. Besides giving medical aid to the people, the Americans have sent clothing , and food by the ton into the stricken country. Without this aid thousands would have died this winter

Carrying On In Montenegro. The American Red Cross gave this royal palace in Montenegro a thorough renovating and installed an up to date hospital for the sick of Podgoritza, Montenegro. Before the war ex-Prince Mirko lived here. On the palace steps are Lieut. Col. H.R. Fairclough (center), of Palo Alto, Cal. Director of the Albanain unit, and his medical and nursing staff. On the balcony are native hospital aides. Many of the hospital patients are Montenegrin men who have been wounded in the numerous mountains vendettas of feuds which are the bane of this troubled Balkan kingdom

The Roadway into Montenegro, presents tremendous difficulties to the successful transportation of supplies during the winter months. The narrow roadway is cut from the sheer face of the mountain and rises to the height of over 4000 feet. While many accidents have occurred along this road, and the rocks beneath it are covered with the wrecks of Austrian army cars, the American Red Cross has had a remarkable record, never having lost a single truck on this "Jacob's Ladder" road in the past year and a half

At A Junior School In Montenegro. Montenegrin war orphans 'swatting' weeds in their potato patch on the Junior Red Cross of America farm school in 'Branilovitza' not far from Podgoritza. Early and late these industrious youngsters are busy as busy bees learning all the inns and outs of farming and gardening. With this knowledge they expect to gain their future independence and become builders of their country, now under the economic and industrial depression of war devastation

The Wealth of Montenegro. Montenegro's wealth is reckoned by livestock not by money. Money today in the Balkans is relatively worthless. The sturdy peasantry has gone back to ancient days merchandising, trading sheep for a suit of clothes or a goat for a sack of flour. This picture was taken on the "wealthiest" farm, owned by a Montenegrin who spent six years working in the Colorado mines. When American Red Cross workers sent through the district distributing relief supplies he was one of the few who offered aid instead of asking for it. Incidentally he had a Red Cross memebership card. His little flock was saved from the enemy during the war on account of the inaccessible location of the owner's home, which is in a remote mountain valley, a natural fortress

description

Summary

Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card.

Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office.

Group title: Industries, Montenegro.

On caption card: (1/1905)

Used in: T.T. & C. March 4, 1920.

Gift; American National Red Cross 1944 and 1952.

General information about the American National Red Cross photograph collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.anrc

Temp note: Batch 12

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american red cross montenegro glass negatives cross memebership card montenegro wealth money today cross workers wealth money six years colorado mines relief supplies owner home mountain valley ultra high resolution high resolution library of congress
date_range

Date

01/01/1920
place

Location

montenegro
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Source

Library of Congress
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Link

https://www.loc.gov/
copyright

Copyright info

No known restrictions on publication. For information, see "American National Red Cross photograph collection," http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/717_anrc.html

label_outline Explore Relief Supplies, Mountain Valley, Cross Workers

American Red Cross Hospital, Lyon, France. Operating room

Inaugural Ceremonies of Pershing Stadium. The Athletes of the Nations-the Americans in the foreground

Trudeau Sanitarium, Hachette. A quiet hour under the pine trees. The children have a splendid place to play in the big park that surrounds the Trudeau Sanitarium at Hachette, near Paris. The manor house of Hachette is an AMERICAN RED CROSS hospital for tubercular women. In the grounds nearby barracks have been built where about 180 children are housed, each for a period of three months or more. They are under-nourished children of tubercular tendencies, many of whom have tubercular parents. They are brought from bad living conditions in the cities, and the good nourishment and outdoor life at Hachette go far to establish their health pemanently

Village women from Dartford, near London, visit American soldiers in new hospital just opened by American army there. Few of the visitors come empty-handed. They bring little gifts of all kinds for the soldiers, and the Red Cross usually commandeer their services, also for the distribution of comfort bags and other Red Cross material to distant parts of the grounds. All these things are carried about in "hospital wagons", which are sometimes pilled by the young women visitors, and sometimes by the convalescent Americans

Dr. Baldwin. Physician in charge of the Children's Hospital, Nesle

A Sorrolla come to life. Small boys who have not seen a shower bath for years splash about at Evian, where all repatriates are forced to bathe before they are allowed to enter the life of the town. This prevents the spread of disease. These baths are prepared by the French Government and the American Red Cross for the exiles returned by the Germans from their side of the line through Switzerland to France

Rock Springs, Wyoming, high school. Arrangements have been made, whereby it has been possible to offer a most practical course in home hygiene to the girls of the senior high school. When the matter was presented to the girls of the high school it was evident that his course was wanted, as eighty-three girls enrolled. As sixty was the maximum number that it was possible to handle at the present time the balance were placed on the waitig list and will take care of the work in turn. Regular high school credit is allowed to the girls completing the course. The Junior Red Cross is bearing the expense of the equipment necessary to carry on the wok

Cows of History. Extraordinarily beautiful and picturesque are the long-horned, snow white cows of the Tuscan valleys in Italy. Their horns measure about twenty inches across and their silky tails often sweep the ground. Since the war they are becoming very scarce owing to lack of fodder, and land holders are haunted by mythological tales of the Middle Ages when they disappeared altogether. Invaders from the North brought this breed of cattle into Italy and they were so admired by the early Romans that they each year offered up the whitest and most beautiful one as a sacrifice, gilding its horns and garlanding them with rare flowers. The Italian government presented this pair to the Agricultural Colony of the Junior Red Cross of America orphanage and vocational school where several hundred war orphans are learning scientific farming and undergoing training for their future independence

RED CROSS PARADE - Glass negative photogrpah. Public domain.

The last American wounded arriving from the front at the Salisbury Hospital, erected by the American Red Cross at Southampton, England. They are unloaded by the boys of the Kentucky unit now on duty at this base hospital

The launching of the "Amcross", Chester, Pennsylvania Members of the christening party on the launching stand. At the left are Mrs. Livingston Farrand and Miss Margaret Farrand, sponsor of the "Amcross"

World War I - American Red Cross

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american red cross montenegro glass negatives cross memebership card montenegro wealth money today cross workers wealth money six years colorado mines relief supplies owner home mountain valley ultra high resolution high resolution library of congress