Holland Tunnel, Beneath Hudson River between New York & Jersey City, New York, New York County, NY
Summary
Significance: The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) jointly designated, on May 2, 1984, the Holland Tunnel as an engineering landmark "... in recognition of several engineering firsts: an unprecedented tunnel ventilation system and construction of the longest underwater vehicular tunnel and the largest tube in diameter 29.5-foot diameter twin tubes at the time of completion." (Quoted from ASME/ASCE press release, May 2, 1984). According to the ASME and ASCE, every subsequent vehicular tunnel has used a ventilation system based on the one developed for the Holland Tunnel.
Survey number: HAER NY-161
Building/structure dates: 1927 Initial Construction
National Register of Historic Places NRIS Number: 93001619
The history of New York City's transportation system. New York City is distinguished from other U.S. cities for its low personal automobile ownership and its significant use of public transportation. New York is the only city in the United States where over half of all households do not own a car (Manhattan's non-ownership is even higher, around 75%; nationally, the rate is 8%). New York City has, by far, the highest rate of public transportation use of any American city. New York City also has the longest mean travel time for commuters (39 minutes) among major U.S. cities. The Second Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the city – the port infrastructure grew at such a rapid pace after the 1825 completion of the Erie Canal that New York became the most important connection between all of Europe and the interior of the United States. Elevated trains and subterranean transportation ('El trains' and 'subways') were introduced between 1867 and 1904. Private automobiles brought an additional change for the city by around 1930, notably the 1927 Holland Tunnel.
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