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Summary
Title from: Catalogue of photographs made by the American Colony ... 1914.
Photograph taken from the central area of Wadi El Dier (Biblical Holy Valley), looking southeast and showing the mountain slopes of Gebel Armaziya and Siqqat Armaziya to the right, Siqqat Sydina Musa (to Armaziya's left) along the Byzantine monastic and pilgrimage naqb to the summit of Mount Sinai (Biblical Sinai) in centre-right, the orchard and fortress of Saint Catherine Monastery in the valley, the vicinity of Siqqat Abbas Basha to the summit of Mount Sinai and the pilgrimage caravan route to El Tur (Byzantine Raitho, on the Gulf of Suez) in the centre, Gebel Muneiga in centre-left from a 1.7km distance, and the boulders on the mountain slopes of Gebel El Dier (Selib-Baraka) and Gebel Meraja to the left. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
Mountain chapels and Byzantine monastic structures are scattered across the valley and on the plateau of Biblical Mount Horeb and Mount Sinai, including ruined buildings (dwellings), hermit cells, prayer niches, rock-paved paths, rock inscriptions and agricultural plots (water dams, reservoirs & cisterns, conduits and retaining walls) (4th-7th centuries CE). Saint Catherine Monastery was constructed in 545 CE by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I (527-565 CE). Several ancient monastic and pilgrimage routes lead to the plateau from the monastery, including Naqb Armaziya, Siqqat Sydina Musa and Siqqat Abbas Basha. The chapel of Jethro (Theodores: Tyre and Recurit) was constructed on the summit of Gebel Muneiga in 19th century CE. Abbas Helmi I, the Khedive of Egypt (1849-54), visited Sinai Peninsula in 1853-54 CE and paved several paths in the vicinity of Mount Sinai and along the pilgrimage routes in the peninsula. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
Caption on negative sleeve: St. Cath[erine] Convent and valley. Mt. Sinai.
Similar image in LOT 13847, p. 93, no. 46 (http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.18419)
Gift; Episcopal Home; 1978.
The G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection is a source of historical images of the Middle East. The majority of the images depict Palestine (present-day Israel and the West Bank) from 1898 to 1946. Most of the Library of Congress collection consists of over 23,000 glass and film photographic negatives and transparencies created by the American Colony Photo Department and its successor firm, the Matson Photo Service. The American Colony Photo Department in Jerusalem was one of several photo services operating in the Middle East before 1900. Catering primarily to the tourist trade, the American Colony and its competitors photographed holy sites, often including costumed actors recreating Biblical scenes. The firm’s photographers were residents of Palestine with knowledge of the land and people that gave them an advantage and made their coverage intimate and comprehensive. They documented Middle East culture, history, and political events from before World War I through the collapse of Ottoman rule, the British Mandate period, World War II, and the emergence of the State of Israel. The Matson Collection also includes images of people and locations in present-day Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Iraq, and Turkey. Additionally, the firm produced photographs from an East African trip. The collection came to the Library of Congress between 1966 and 1981, through a series of gifts made by Eric Matson and his beneficiary, the Home for the Aged of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Diocese of Los Angeles (now called the Kensington Episcopal Home).