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Noon hour. Goodall Worsted Co., Sanford, Me. These are not the youngest. Young girls too. Location: Sanford, Maine.

Mrs. Streety (a widow) and family. West Point, Miss. The four children on the ground work in the mill. Oldest makes 90 cents a day, - the next, 70 cents, - the boy 30 cents, ("He's slow," they said.) and Eva makes 28 cents a day. Eva is learning to spin. Can run two sides soon. She is 12 now (which is doubtful) but said that she learned to spin before she was 12. Location: West Point, Mississippi

Noon hour. Goodall Worsted Co., Sanford, Me. These are not the youngest. Young girls too. Location: Sanford, Maine

Fishermen hanging around in front of workshop of former fisherman who is now a builder of pleasure boats for tourists. Provincetown, Massachusetts

All are workers in Knoxville Knitting Mills. Smallest boy "Ravels." Smallest girl is a steady worker. Location: Knoxville, Tennessee.

Some of the workers in a Md. packing company. Plenty of work for even the tiniest hands. Many have to carry heavy boxes full of beans etc. Location: Baltimore, Maryland

Bath costume contest, 62521, Bathing Beach

Group of "cartoners" in Seacoast Canning Co., Factory #7. Everyone of them works putting cans of sardines into paper cartons. Eleven out of the fourteen were under twelve years. Several from eight to ten. Smallest girl in front is Erna Hamilton, eight years old. (See family story #2453.) The older girls, from twelve to fourteen years, earn several dollars a day. One fourteen year old girl said she made $3 to $4 when she packed all day and in the evening. Location: Eastport, Maine.

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The youngest children I saw going into Tombigbee Cotton Mill, Columbus, Miss., at 6:30 A.M. May 15, 1911. Not many youngsters there. Not working a full force. Location: Columbus, Mississippi.

Part of the force at Tupelo (Miss.) Cotton Mills. All work. Smallest ones not in photo. Among youngest here are: Coleman Miller, has been working one year, cannot write name, said twelve years old but doesn't appear to be. Zamie Scott, one year working. Guy Sanders, and Luceon Kendreck. Location: Tupelo, Mississippi

Part of the force at Tupelo (Miss.) Cotton Mills. All work. Smallest ones not in photo. Among youngest here are: Coleman Miller, has been working one year, cannot write name, said twelve years old but doesn't appear to be. Zamie Scott, one year working. Guy Sanders, and Luceon Kendreck. Location: Tupelo, Mississippi.

Group of workers in Perkins Hosiery Mill, Columbus, Ga. Not many very young children here. Dozens of them in the adjoining mill. Location: Columbus, Georgia

Some of the boys (not the youngest working) in Brookside Cotton Mills. Many youngsters work here. Location: Knoxville, Tennessee

Noon hour, Millville Mfg. Co. One of six young boys and girls that I saw working in the cotton mill. Some were younger than this one. Location: Millville, New Jersey

Part of the force at Tupelo (Miss.) Cotton Mills. All work. Smallest ones not in photo. Among youngest here are: Coleman Miller, has been working one year, cannot write name, said twelve years old but doesn't appear to be. Zamie Scott, one year working. Guy Sanders, and Luceon Kendreck. Location: Tupelo, Mississippi.

Noon hour, Millville Mfg. Co. One of six young boys and girls that I saw working in the cotton mill. Some were younger than this one. Location: Millville, New Jersey.

Noon hour, Millville Mfg. Co. One of six young boys and girls that I saw working in the cotton mill. Some were younger than this one. Location: Millville, New Jersey.

The youngest children I saw going into Tombigbee Cotton Mill, Columbus, Miss., at 6:30 A.M. May 15, 1911. Not many youngsters there. Not working a full force. Location: Columbus, Mississippi

description

Summary

Title from NCLC caption card.

Attribution to Hine based on provenance.

In album: Mills.

Hine no. 2139.

Credit line: National Child Labor Committee collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division.

General information about the National Child Labor Committee collection is available at: loc.gov

Forms part of: National Child Labor Committee collection.

Hine grew up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. As a young man he had to care for himself, and working at a furniture factory gave him first-hand knowledge of industrial workers' harsh reality. Eight years later he matriculated at the University of Chicago and met Professor Frank A. Manny, whom he followed to New York to teach at the Ethical Culture School and continue his studies at New York University. As a faculty member at the Ethical Culture School Hine was introduced to photography. From 1904 until his death he documented a series of sites and conditions in the USA and Europe. In 1906 he became a photographer and field worker for the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC). Undercover, disguised among other things as a Bible salesman or photographer for post-cards or industry, Hine went into American factories. His research methodology was based on photographic documentation and interviews. Together with the NCLC he worked to place the working conditions of two million American children onto the political agenda. The NCLC later said that Hine's photographs were decisive in the 1938 passage of federal law governing child labor in the United States. In 1918 Hine left the NCLC for the Red Cross and their work in Europe. After a short period as an employee, he returned to the United States and began as an independent photographer. One of Hine's last major projects was the series Men at Work, published as a book in 1932. It is a homage to the worker that built the country, and it documents such things as the construction of the Empire State Building. In 1940 Hine died abruptly after several years of poor income and few commissions. Even though interest in his work was increasing, it was not until after his death that Hine was raised to the stature of one of the great photographers in the history of the medium.

According to the 1900 US Census, a total of 1,752,187 (about 1 in every 6) children between the ages of five and ten were engaged in "gainful occupations" in the United States. The National Child Labor Committee, or NCLC, was a private, non-profit organization that served as a leading proponent for the national child labor reform movement. It headquartered on Broadway in Manhattan, New York. In 1908 the National Child Labor Committee hired Lewis Hine, a teacher and professional photographer trained in sociology, who advocated photography as an educational medium, to document child labor in the American industry. Over the next ten years, Hine would publish thousands of photographs designed to pull at the nation's heartstrings. The NCLC is a rare example of an organization that succeeded in its mission and was no longer needed. After more than a century of fighting child labor, it shut down in 2017.

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Tags

children textile mill workers cotton industry mississippi columbus photographic prints lot 7479 national child labor committee collection lewis wickes hine photo tombigbee cotton mill ultra high resolution high resolution lewis w hine united states history library of congress child labor
date_range

Date

01/01/1911
collections

in collections

Lewis W. Hine

Lewis Hine, Library of Congress Collection

Child Labor

National Child Labor Committee collection
place

Location

columbus
create

Source

Library of Congress
link

Link

https://www.loc.gov/
copyright

Copyright info

No known restrictions on publication. For information see: "National Child Labor Committee (Lewis Hine photographs)," https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/res.097.hine

label_outline Explore Cotton Industry, Lot 7479, National Child Labor Committee Collection

Adrian Lornager, 8 Bowditch St. (Apparently 13.) Has been sweeper in Grinnell Mill Nearly a year. Location: New Bedford, Massachusetts.

Every one of these was working in the cotton mill at North Pormal [i.e., Pownal], Vt. and they were running a small force. Rosie Lapiare, 15 years; Jane Sylvester, 15 years; Runie[?] Cird, 12 years; R. Sylvester, 12 years; E. [H.?] Willett, 13 years; Nat. Sylvester, 13 years; John King, 14 years; Z. Lapear, 13 years. Standing on step. Clarence Noel 11 years old, David Noel 14 years old. Location: No[rth] Pownal, Vermont / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

Scene at Buckeye Lake Amusement Park, near Columbus, Ohio (see general caption)

Payne Cotton Mill, Macon, Ga. See photo and label 538. Girl with dropping eyes and hands on hips has been helping one year. Jan. 20, 1909. Location: Macon, Georgia.

Scene at Buckeye Lake Amusement Park, near Columbus, Ohio (see general caption)

Two of the workers in Merrimack Mills. See Hine report. Location: Huntsville, Alabama.

Kenworthy Hall, State Highway 14 (Greensboro Road), Marion, Perry County, AL

Jamie Sherley, (girl) Wylie Mills, Chester, S.C. Been in mill 6 years. Ambro Sherley--11 years old. Been in mill over 1 year. Location: Chester, South Carolina.

Cherryville Mfg. Co., Cherryville, N.C. One of the smallest boys. Doffer. Location: Cherryville, North Carolina.

Young girls working in American Woolen Mills, Winooski, Vt. Most are illiterate. Work slack and force small. (See also N.C.L.C. Photos #720-745 May 1909.) Location: Winooski, Vermont.

In this group are some of the youngest workers in Spinning Room of Cornell Mill. The smallest is Jo Benevidos, 5 Merion St. Other small ones are: John Sousa, 84 Boutwell St., Anthony Valentin, 203 Pitman St. Manuel Perry, 124 Everett St. John Travaresm [or Taveresm?], 90 Cash St. The difficulty they had in writing their names was pathetic. When I asked the second hand in charge of the room to let the boys go outside a moment and let me get a snap-shot he objected, saying they would stay out and not be in shape to work. When they carry dinners, they breathe the close air of the spinning room from 7 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. with no let-up. Cornell Mill. Location: Fall River, Massachusetts.

5:30 A.M. Boys going to work Hill Mfg. Co., Lewiston, Me. I saw them at work inside. Location: Lewiston, Maine.

Topics

children textile mill workers cotton industry mississippi columbus photographic prints lot 7479 national child labor committee collection lewis wickes hine photo tombigbee cotton mill ultra high resolution high resolution lewis w hine united states history library of congress child labor