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Corbin Building, 11 John Street, New York, New York County, NY
Summary
Significance: It is significant for both is aesthetic and technological contributions to the history of American architecture. Designed by architect Francis Hatch Kimball (1845-1919) for the prominent banker and real estate developer Austin Corbin, the Corbin Building (1888-1889) is a proto-skyscraper: an early tall commercial building, reaching nine stories. Predating the use of pneumatic-driven caisson footings necessary for the steel-frame construction of true skyscrapers, the structure is still supported by load bearing masonry walls. The Corbin Building represents an important development in building technology: incorporation of Guastavino tile structural floor arches, designed for fire resistance, superior ability to accommodate large floor loads, and for streamlining and speeding construction. Pioneering use of elaborate terra cotta decoration is another notable feature of the Corbin Building...
Survey number: HABS NY-6372
Building/structure dates: 1888-1889 Initial Construction
The history of New York City's transportation system. New York City is distinguished from other U.S. cities for its low personal automobile ownership and its significant use of public transportation. New York is the only city in the United States where over half of all households do not own a car (Manhattan's non-ownership is even higher, around 75%; nationally, the rate is 8%). New York City has, by far, the highest rate of public transportation use of any American city. New York City also has the longest mean travel time for commuters (39 minutes) among major U.S. cities. The Second Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the city – the port infrastructure grew at such a rapid pace after the 1825 completion of the Erie Canal that New York became the most important connection between all of Europe and the interior of the United States. Elevated trains and subterranean transportation ('El trains' and 'subways') were introduced between 1867 and 1904. Private automobiles brought an additional change for the city by around 1930, notably the 1927 Holland Tunnel.
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