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![A collection of maps, charts, drawings, surveys, etc, published from time to time, by order of the two houses of Congress : [United States, Western Hemisphere, and the world].](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzE4NDMvMDEvMDEvYS1jb2xsZWN0aW9uLW9mLW1hcHMtY2hhcnRzLWRyYXdpbmdzLXN1cnZleXMtZXRjLXB1Ymxpc2hlZC1mcm9tLXRpbWUtdG8tdGltZS0xMzEtNjQwLmpwZw%3D%3D/40/25/webp "A collection of maps, charts, drawings, surveys, etc, published from time to time, by order of the two houses of Congress : [United States, Western Hemisphere, and the world].")
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![Plano. I descripcion de la costa, desde el Cavo Cañaveral, hasta cerca de la boca de la Vir[g]inia, contando, costa de Florida, Georgia y Carolinas del S, y N, con todos sus puertos, este[ros ... ]letas, baxos, islas y rios; segun las vlti[mas not]icias, hata [sic] oy Octubre de 1756.](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMDkvMTkvcGxhbm8taS1kZXNjcmlwY2lvbi1kZS1sYS1jb3N0YS1kZXNkZS1lbC1jYXZvLWNhbmF2ZXJhbC1oYXN0YS1jZXJjYS1kZS1sYS1ib2NhLTU5YzNmMC02NDAuanBn/40/57/webp "Plano. I descripcion de la costa, desde el Cavo Cañaveral, hasta cerca de la boca de la Vir[g]inia, contando, costa de Florida, Georgia y Carolinas del S, y N, con todos sus puertos, este[ros ... ]letas, baxos, islas y rios; segun las vlti[mas not]icias, hata [sic] oy Octubre de 1756.")
Discripción de lo qe. contiene este plano Punta de Araya y su fondeadero, parte del Golfo de Cariaco, Bahía de Cumana (situado su castillo segun observs. astronómicas, en la lattd. de 10 gs. 28 mins. N.), parte de la costa del E. de Cariaco, costa de Bordones, Puerto Escondido, costa y puerto de Mochima con sus puntas, bajos, ensenadas y sondas.
Summary
Shows coast of Venezuela in the region of Araya.
Depths shown by soundings.
Oriented with north toward the lower left.
Watermark: IV. Watermark dated from 1668-1812.
Pen-and-ink and watercolor.
Mounted on cloth backing.
LC Luso-Hispanic World, 983
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
Includes note and view.
Maggs number annotated in pencil in lower right margin: 189.
Vault
In the 17th century, maps took a huge leap forward. Mathematical and astronomical knowledge necessary to make accurate measurements had evolved. English mathematicians had perfected triangulation: navigation and surveying by right-angled triangles. Triangulation allowed navigators to set accurate courses and produced accurate land surveys. Seamen learned to correct their compasses for declination and had determined the existence of annual compass variation. Latitude determination was greatly improved with the John Davis quadrant. The measurement of distance sailed at sea was improved by another English invention, the common log. Longitudinal distance between Europe and Québec was determined by solar and lunar eclipses by the Jesuit Bressani in the 1640s and by Jean Deshayes in 1686. With accurate surveys in Europe, the grid of the modern map began to take shape.
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