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Benedict, Cornell, George Grantham Bain Collection

Benedict, Cornell - Glass negative photogrpah. Public domain.

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Springstein Mills, Chester, S.C. Maggie Wooten (Largest), creels on warper. Lillie Anderson--Oldest of two sisters. Been in mill five years. Runs only 4 sides. Minnie Anderson, - youngest- runs 8 sides. Been in mill 4 year. One finds many such cases where youngest sister does twice the amount of work. Nov. 2808. Witness Sara R. Hine. Location: Chester, South Carolina Photo by Lewis W. Hine

Pinkie Durham eight year old sweeper. See label #3730, and his sister Eliza. She began at eleven; now twelve according to the School Record. She recently had her leg broken in the mill. Boy ran a doffing box into her. She has been working for one year in Merrimack Mfg. Co, 426 C Street. See Hine report. Location: Huntsville, Alabama.

Spinners. Smallest girl - Pearlie Turner, 408 East Long Ave. Been at it 3 years and runs six and seven sides. Her Sister (largest girl) runs only four sides. I found other cases where youngest sister did much more work than oldest and family stimulated her by praising her speed and the other's slowness. Location: Gastonia, North Carolina.

Noon hour at Massachusetts Mill, Lindale, Ga. During the days following this, I proved the ages of nearly a dozen of these children, by gaining access to Family Records, Insurance papers, and through conversations with the children and parents, and found these that I could prove to be working now, or during the past year at 10 and 11 years of age, some of them having begun before they were ten. Further search would reveal dozens or more. (See Hine Report). Location: Lindale, Georgia

Noon hour at Massachusetts Mill, Lindale, Ga. During the days following this, I proved the ages of nearly a dozen of these children, by gaining access to Family Records, Insurance papers, and through conversations with the children and parents, and found these that I could prove to be working now, or during the past year, at 10 and 11 years of age, some of them having begun before they were ten. Further search would reveal dozens or more. (See Hine Report). Lindale, Georgia.

Springstein Mills, Chester, S.C. Otis Mehaffy. 4 years in mill. Small boy "helps sister" Saturdays and after school. Witness S.R. Hine. Location: Chester, South Carolina

Eight year old Syrian girl, Pheobe i.e. Phoebe Thomas, going to work at 6 a.m., August 14, with great butcher knife, to cut sardines in Seacoast Canning Co. Factory #4, Eastport Me. Said she was a cutter, and I saw her working later. (See photos of her accident, #2444, #2445, #2449.) Location: Eastport, Maine

A little spinner in the Mollahan Mills, Newberry, S.C. She was tending her "sides" like a veteran, but after I took the photo, the overseer came up and said in an apologetic tone that was pathetic, "She just happened in." Then a moment later he repeated the information. The mills appear to be full of youngsters that "just happened in," or " are helping sister." Dec. 3, 08. Witness Sara R. Hine. Location: Newberry, South Carolina Photo by Lewis W. Hine

Noon hour at Massachusetts Mill, Lindale Ga. During the days following this, I proved the ages of nearly a dozen of these children, by gaining access to Family Records, Life Insurance papers, and through conversations with the children and parents, and found these that I could prove to be working now, or during the past year at 10 and 11 years of age, some of them having begun before they were ten. Further search would reveal dozens more. (See Hine Report). Location: Lindale, Georgia

Springstein Mills, Chester, S.C. Maggie Wooten (Largest), creels on warper. Lillie Anderson--Oldest of two sisters. Been in mill five years. Runs only 4 sides. Minnie Anderson, - youngest- runs 8 sides. Been in mill 4 year. One finds many such cases where youngest sister does twice the amount of work. Nov. 28/08. Witness Sara R. Hine. Location: Chester, South Carolina / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

description

Summary

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Hine grew up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. As a young man he had to care for himself, and working at a furniture factory gave him first-hand knowledge of industrial workers' harsh reality. Eight years later he matriculated at the University of Chicago and met Professor Frank A. Manny, whom he followed to New York to teach at the Ethical Culture School and continue his studies at New York University. As a faculty member at the Ethical Culture School Hine was introduced to photography. From 1904 until his death he documented a series of sites and conditions in the USA and Europe. In 1906 he became a photographer and field worker for the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC). Undercover, disguised among other things as a Bible salesman or photographer for post-cards or industry, Hine went into American factories. His research methodology was based on photographic documentation and interviews. Together with the NCLC he worked to place the working conditions of two million American children onto the political agenda. The NCLC later said that Hine's photographs were decisive in the 1938 passage of federal law governing child labor in the United States. In 1918 Hine left the NCLC for the Red Cross and their work in Europe. After a short period as an employee, he returned to the United States and began as an independent photographer. One of Hine's last major projects was the series Men at Work, published as a book in 1932. It is a homage to the worker that built the country, and it documents such things as the construction of the Empire State Building. In 1940 Hine died abruptly after several years of poor income and few commissions. Even though interest in his work was increasing, it was not until after his death that Hine was raised to the stature of one of the great photographers in the history of the medium.

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Tags

girls textile mill workers south carolina chester photographic prints chester sc springstein mills springstein mills maggie wooten maggie wooten creels warper lillie sisters two sisters mill mill five years sides minnie anderson minnie anderson youngest cases amount work nov sara sara r hine photo lewis child laborers child labor economic and social conditions lewis w hine lewis hine workers child worker child labor law united states history library of congress
date_range

Date

01/01/1908
person

Contributors

Hine, Lewis Wickes, 1874-1940, photographer
collections

in collections

Lewis W. Hine

Lewis Hine, Library of Congress Collection
place

Location

Chester (S.C.) ,  34.70500, -81.21417
create

Source

Library of Congress
link

Link

http://www.loc.gov/
copyright

Copyright info

No known restrictions on publication.

label_outline Explore Springstein, Springstein Mills, Wooten

Jamie Sherley, (girl) Wylie Mills, Chester, S.C. Been in mill 6 years. Ambro Sherley--11 years old. Been in mill over 1 year. Location: Chester, South Carolina.

Warper Yefim Goldiner at work; there are 14,400 "ends" (threads) on this warp.

Checking amount of corn dropped by planter in each hill, Jasper County, Iowa

Columbia Steel Company at Geneva, Utah. Draglines are working day and night excavating for the building of open hearth furnaces for a new steel mill which will make important additions to the vast amount of steel needed for the war effort

WOOTEN, PAUL. PORTRAIT - Public domain photograph, glass negative

Verona, Wisconsin. Loren Mead, sixteen, from Soyer County, Wisconsin, was placed on the Fleming farm after completing the farm short course, at the University of Wisconsin and can do only light work for which he gets thirty-five dollars per month. He comes from a 160-acre farm which is nearly all woodland and his father works in a sawmill. He has three younger brothers and two sisters

Columbia Steel Company at Geneva, Utah. Constructing a water intake tunnel for a new steel plant which will make important additions to the vast amount of steel needed for the war effort

Master warper Al Zarky at work; there are 10,440 "ends" (threads) on the warp he is making; the warp winder he is using was made in Paterson by the Sipp Machine Co.; the winder Timothy is using was made in Paterson by the Benjamin Eastwood Co.

Mr. Smith, overseer in Wylie Mill, Chester, S.C. He will not let his children work in the mill. Says it is no place for them. Plenty of children below 12 in his mill. He said that it is a common practice all through the South for employers in cotton mills to evade the child labor law by allowing young children to help their older sisters or brothers. The name of the small child is not on the books. "That is the way we manage it." Nov. 28/08. Location: Chester, South Carolina / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

Columbia Steel Company at Geneva, Utah. Bulldozer used in grading during the construction of a new steel mill which will make important additions to the vast amount of steel needed for the war effort

Master warper Al Zarky at work; there are 10,440 "ends" (threads) on the warp he is making; the warp winder he is using was made in Paterson by the Sipp Machine Co.; the winder Timothy is using was made in Paterson by the Benjamin Eastwood Co.

Yearling steer eating salt on Cruzen Ranch. Valley County, Idaho. Notice small amount of damage done to grass around salt trough. More about this trough in other captions

Topics

girls textile mill workers south carolina chester photographic prints chester sc springstein mills springstein mills maggie wooten maggie wooten creels warper lillie sisters two sisters mill mill five years sides minnie anderson minnie anderson youngest cases amount work nov sara sara r hine photo lewis child laborers child labor economic and social conditions lewis w hine lewis hine workers child worker child labor law united states history library of congress