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War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mrs. Angeline Kwint, age 45, an ex-housewife, checking the tires of trailers. Her husband and son are in the U.S. Army

War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps, Milwaukee, Wis. Mrs. Angeline Kwint, age 45, an ex-housewife, checking the tires of trailers. Her husband and son are in the U.S. Army

War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps, Milwaukee, Wis. Mrs. Angeline Kwint, age 45, an ex-housewife, checking the tires of trailers. Her husband and son are in the U.S. Army

Milwaukee, Wisconsin. War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps. Mrs. Angeline Kwint, age forty-five, an ex-housewife, checking the tires of trailers. Her husband and son are in the U.S. Army

Milwaukee, Wisconsin. War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps. Mrs. Angeline Kwint, age forty-five, an ex-housewife, checking the tires of trailers. Her husband and son are in the U.S. Army

War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Elizabeth Little, age 30, the mother of two children, spraying small parts. Her husband runs a farm

Milwaukee, Wisconsin. War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps. Irean Smotinski, age twenty-nine, and ex-housewife, cleaning a chassis before it goes to the paint room

Milwaukee, Wisconsin. War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps. Elizabeth Little, age thirty, the mother of two children, spraying small parts. Her husband runs a farm

Milwaukee, Wisconsin. War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps. Elizabeth Little, age thirty, the mother of two children, spraying small parts. Her husband runs a farm

War production workers at the Heil Company making gasoline trailer tanks for the U.S. Army Air Corps., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mrs. Angeline Kwint, age 45, an ex-housewife, checking the tires of trailers. Her husband and son are in the U.S. Army

description

Summary

Picryl description: Public domain image of industrial or agricultural worker, 1930s, 20th-century, free to use, no copyright restrictions. show less

WWII color photographs. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Color Photographs from the Library of Congress. The original images are color transparencies ranging in size from 35 mm. to 4x5 inches. Photographers working for the U.S. government's Farm Security Administration (FSA) and later the Office of War Information (OWI) between 1939 and 1944 made approximately 1,600 color photographs that depict life in the United States, including Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The pictures focus on rural areas and farm labor, as well as aspects of World War II mobilization, including factories, railroads, aviation training, and women working.

At the end of the 1920s, the United States boasted the largest economy in the world. With the destruction wrought by World War I, Europeans struggled while Americans flourished. Upon succeeding to the Presidency, Herbert Hoover predicted that the United States would soon see the day when poverty was eliminated. Then, in a moment of triumph, the stock market crash of 1929 touched off a chain of events that plunged the United States into the longest, deepest economic crisis of its history. The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the USA and the western industrialized world. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and employment as failing companies laid off workers. By 1933, when the Great Depression reached its lowest point, some 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half the country’s banks had failed. The depression is best understood as the final chapter of the breakdown of the worldwide economic order. As the depression deepened, governments tried to protect their reserves of gold by keeping interest rates high and credit tight for too long. This had a devastating impact on credit, spending, and prices, and an ordinary business slump became a calamity. What ultimately ended the depression was World War II. Military spending and mobilization reduced the U.S. unemployment rate to 1.9 percent by 1943. It is too simplistic to view the stock market crash as the single cause of the Great Depression: - The gold standard. Most money was paper, but governments were obligated, if requested, to redeem that paper for gold. This "convertibility" put an upper limit on the volume of paper currency governments could print. A loss of gold (or convertible currencies) forced governments to raise interest rates. - The best-known economists Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz, blame the Federal Reserve for permitting two-fifths of the nation's banks to fail between 1929 and 1933. Since deposits were not insured then, the bank failures wiped out savings and shrank the money supply. From 1929 to 1933 the money supply dropped by one-third, choking off credit and making it impossible for many individuals and businesses to spend or invest. - Economist Charles Kindleberger sees depression as a global event caused by a lack of world economic leadership. According to Kindleberger, Britain provided leadership before World War I. It fostered global trade by keeping its markets open, promoted expansion by making overseas investments, and prevented financial crises with emergency loans. Between WWI and WWII wars no country did enough to halt banking crises, and the entire industrial world adopted protectionist measures in attempts to curtail imports. In 1930, President Herbert Hoover signed the Smoot-Hawley tariff, raising tariffs on dutiable items by 52 percent. The protectionism put an extra brake on world trade just when countries should have been promoting it.

label_outline

Tags

heil company army air forces industry women employment trucks world war tires gasoline wisconsin milwaukee transparencies color south milwaukee wis production workers war production workers heil company trailer tanks gasoline trailer tanks army air corps army air corps angeline kwint angeline kwint ex housewife husband american workers in color economic and social conditions worker great depression 1939 end of great depression kodachrome female portrait 1930 s women woman photograph military us army united states army wwi truck 1930 s library of congress
date_range

Date

01/01/1939
person

Contributors

Hollem, Howard R., photographer
collections

in collections

American Workers in Color

WWII color photographs.

The Last Year of The Great Depression

1939 was the last year of The Great Depression.
place

Location

South Milwaukee (Wis.) ,  42.91056, -87.86056
create

Source

Library of Congress
link

Link

http://www.loc.gov/
copyright

Copyright info

No known restrictions on publication.

label_outline Explore Ex Housewife, Gasoline Trailer Tanks, Heil Company

A restored Gulf gasoline station in Albany, Texas, seat of Shackelford County

Priming a tractor with gasoline, El Indio, Texas

Headed for last cleanup. Six giant truck tires, of the non-directional type are being wheeled in for cleaning and painting. This pattern, developed for the U.S. Army in 1941 is used for field equipment....gives excellent traction in forward or reverse because of the horizontal cleats, yet rides well on the highway on the continuous center rib. Firestone (General) Tires, Akron, Ohio

Pouring gasoline into combine engine. Walla Walla County, Washington

Heil dir, Columbia! - Public domain American sheet music, 1885

New oversize trailer for war workers. Note modern floating axle on the new oversize bus trailer which holds 141 persons and may be the answer to the problem of transporting war workers to outlying defense plants. Designed and built by Office of Defense Transportation and War Production Board (WPB) officials with cooperation of private companies, the trailer rolls on eight standard truck size tires, with the usual six tires on the power unit. The truck trailer unit as a whole is fifty-five feet long

Car pooling at Lockheed Vega. Arrangements are made by phone, and Don's car is left at home. The few miles left in those tires of his can be used for emergency, or the car may be put completely out of service for the duration. Here, Don leaves the plant ready for the trip home under new car pooling arrangement

A girl riveting machine operator at the Douglas Aircraft Company plant joins sections of wing ribs to reinforce the inner wing assemblies of B-17F heavy bombers, Long Beach, Calif. Better known as the "Flying Fortress," the B-17F bomber is a later model of the B-17, which distinguished itself in action in the south Pacific, over Germany and elsewhere. It is a long range, high altitude, heavy bomber, with a crew of seven to nine men -- and with armament sufficient to defend itself on daylight missions

Tank car and storage tanks at the Phillips gasoline plant

Cincinnati, Ohio. Preparing canned pork (Russian: "svinaia tushonka") for lend-lease shipment to the USSR at the Kroger grocery and baking company. Girls placing lard, spice and onions in cans before the pork is added. Left to right: Bonnie Williams, age twenty-one, used to work in shirt factory, has a husband in the U.S. Army; Elta Wininger, age twenty-nine, ex-housewife, has a brother in North Africa

Picryl description: Public domain image of a ship hull, port, harbor, water way, maritime architecture, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Switch boxes on the firewalls of B-25 bombers are assembled by women workers at North American [Aviation, Inc.]'s Inglewood, Calif., plant

Topics

heil company army air forces industry women employment trucks world war tires gasoline wisconsin milwaukee transparencies color south milwaukee wis production workers war production workers heil company trailer tanks gasoline trailer tanks army air corps army air corps angeline kwint angeline kwint ex housewife husband american workers in color economic and social conditions worker great depression 1939 end of great depression kodachrome female portrait 1930 s women woman photograph military us army united states army wwi truck 1930 s library of congress