![[Map of northeastern coast of Venezuela including Trinidad and Tobago Islands].](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn18/L3Bob3RvLzIwMTkvMTEvMjEvbWFwLW9mLW5vcnRoZWFzdGVybi1jb2FzdC1vZi12ZW5lenVlbGEtaW5jbHVkaW5nLXRyaW5pZGFkLWFuZC10b2JhZ28taXNsYW5kcy1kMjYwYTEtMTAyNC5qcGc%3D/320/211/jpg "[Map of northeastern coast of Venezuela including Trinidad and Tobago Islands].")
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![Scarborough Bay, Tabago, Venezuela [i.e. Trinidad & Tobago]](https://cache.getarchive.net/Prod/thumb/cdn4/L3Bob3RvLzE5MDAvMDEvMDEvc2NhcmJvcm91Z2gtYmF5LXRhYmFnby12ZW5lenVlbGEtaWUtdHJpbmlkYWQtYW5kLXRvYmFnby02NDAuanBn/40/30/webp "Scarborough Bay, Tabago, Venezuela [i.e. Trinidad & Tobago]")
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[Map of northeastern coast of Venezuela including Trinidad and Tobago Islands].
Summary
Depths shown by soundings.
Watermarks: IV, J. Kool, and Strasburg fleur-de-lis.
Pen-and-ink and yellow ink.
Mounted on cloth backing.
LC Luso-Hispanic World, 988
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
Includes text.
Annotated in brown ink in upper right corner: 25.
Maggs number annotated in pencil in lower right margin: 311.
Vault
Ancient Maps from the Library of Congress. 13th -18th Century Maps.
In the 17th century, maps took a huge leap forward. Mathematical and astronomical knowledge necessary to make accurate measurements had evolved. English mathematicians had perfected triangulation: navigation and surveying by right-angled triangles. Triangulation allowed navigators to set accurate courses and produced accurate land surveys. Seamen learned to correct their compasses for declination and had determined the existence of annual compass variation. Latitude determination was greatly improved with the John Davis quadrant. The measurement of distance sailed at sea was improved by another English invention, the common log. Longitudinal distance between Europe and Québec was determined by solar and lunar eclipses by the Jesuit Bressani in the 1640s and by Jean Deshayes in 1686. With accurate surveys in Europe, the grid of the modern map began to take shape.
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