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G.B. Shaw at desk with book - Public domain photograph, glass negative

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A product of the cotton mill. Frank Barnes, Box 463, Phoenix, Alabama. Been working over forty years in the cotton mills of Columbus, Ga. Started at 4 years old for 20 cents a day. Now getting $2. and is getting ready to be replaced by younger man. An ardent Socialist which has made him trouble here. Says, "I had to put one of my girls into the Mill when she was 9 yrs old, or steal. Why don't they give us enough wages to support our families? They don't intend to do that." Location: Phoenix, Alabama

Whitnel (N.C.) Cotton Mills. Everyone in this family except the mother, works in the mill. Father earns $1.00 a day. Smallest girl, Annie Philips, been there only a few months, earns nearly a dollar a day. Next in size, Clara Phillips, 13 years old, Been there 3 or 4 years, earns over a dollar a day. Next, Daisy Philips. Next, Mary Philips. A dollar a day each. Oldest is married and husband is in the mill. The superintendent said it is unusual for the father to work when children get large enough to work. He usually loafs. That's why the mills are so full of children. Location: Whitnel, North Carolina

Human Junk. A product of the mill (See #2963) "Ben workin fer 10 years. Began when I was six years old for 5 cents a day. Lately I was workin $1.25 a day but got to spittin blood and had to quit." He was truely "scrapped" and of little use to himself or the world. Roy Hammett, Spartanberg, S.C. Location: Spartanburg, South Carolina

Madera County, family from near Dallas, Texas. Rent is five dollars a month. "There's no future here. I've been following the work (migratory labor) but there's no chance for a fellow to get a holt hisself in this country. The last job I had is tractor driving for thirty-five cents an hour. Had that job for five months until a Filipino comes along for twenty-five cents an hour. I was raised on a cotton farm my father owned a little place back there and I'm plumb willing to leave this country for good before I get too old, If I could get the chance to farm."

John Huggins. Said he is fourteen years old and has been doffing for eight months in the Guadalupe Valley Cotton Mills. Violation of law. Gets a dollar a day now. Before he came here, he worked in the cotton mill at West, Tex., for five or six years. Said boys work in the Cuero mill under age. "They don't even bother to ask your age. Didn't ask mine. Easy 'nuff to git a job." The mills were not running on account of floods this week. I found only one other boy under age, "Spider" Estes said he is fourteen years old and been working here, doffing one year. Location: Cuero, Texas.

A family working in the Tifton (Ga.) Cotton Mill. Mrs. A.J. Young works in mill and at home. Nell (oldest girl) alternates in mill with mother. Mammy (next girl) runs 2 sides. Mary (next) runs 1 12 sides. Elic (oldest boy) works regularly. Eddie (next girl) helps in mill, sticks on bobbins. Four smallest children not working yet. The mother said she earns $4.50 a week and all the children earn $4.50 a week. Husband died and left her with 11 children. 2 of them went off and got married. The family left the farm 2 years ago to work in the mill. January 22, 1909. Location: Tifton, Georgia

This man has obtained a government loan (FSA-Farm Security Administration) in Oklahoma. However, he migrated to Arizona two years ago and spent a year and a half there doing day labor in the cotton and sugar beet fields. He still has one son in Arizona doing day laborer work. Another son returned home to his family saying he wanted to be with them all and all would fare alike; the close family feeling is evident in this class of people. This man's main complaint was of the poor condition of his house. He said that owners would do nothing to help the farmer, "Why if I want a piece of wire to fix a fence, I have to steal it. Of course I have not done exactly that yet, but if I knew where there was a piece handy I would"

In Farm Security Administration (FSA) migratory labor camp. Family, mother, father and eleven children, originally from Oklahoma, where he had been a tenant farmer. Came to California in 1936 after drought. Since then have been traveling from crop to crop in California following the harvest. Six of the children attend school wherever the family stops long enough with mother and father. February 23, two of the family had been lucky and "got a place" (a day's work) in the peas on the Sinclair Ranch. Father had earned one dollar and seventy-three cents for ten hours a day. Oldest daughter had earned one dollar and twenty-five cents. From these earnings had to provide transportation to the fields twenty miles away. Mother wants to return to Oklahoma, father unwilling. She says, "I want to go back home where we can live happy, live decent, and grow what we eat." Brawley, Imperial Valley, California

Ebb-tide in the industry. Home of Mrs. Edwards. Her boy (photo 2203) works in Century Cotton Mill, South Boston, Virginia Gets forty cents a day. Husband has a job in a North Caroline cotton mill not far away, and spends Sunday with the family here. They moved here a while ago, expecting steady work which was promised by the mill. Disappointed, as mill work very slack. Two girls (said to be 15 and 17) work in the shirt factory here, where I afterwards found some young children at work. Location: South Boston, Virginia.

A product of the cotton mill. Frank Barnes, Box 463, Phoenix, Alabama. Been working over forty years in the cotton mills of Columbus, Ga. Started at 4 years old for 20 cents a day. Now getting $2. and is getting ready to be replaced by younger man. An ardent Socialist which has made him trouble here. Says, "I had to put one of my girls into the Mill when she was 9 yrs old, or steal. Why don't they give us enough wages to support our families? They don't intend to do that." Location: Phoenix, Alabama.

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Picryl description: Public domain vintage artistic photograph, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.

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men textile mill workers child labor socialists alabama phoenix photographic prints product cotton mill cotton mill frank barnes frank barnes box forty forty years columbus cents socialist trouble girls yrs wages support families history of alabama child 4 years old united states history library of congress
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Date

01/01/1913
person

Contributors

Hine, Lewis Wickes, 1874-1940, photographer
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Location

alabama
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Library of Congress
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http://www.loc.gov/
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No known restrictions on publication.

label_outline Explore 4 Years Old, Socialists, Socialist

The Lord hear thee in the day of trouble

Nobody knows the trouble I see - Public domain American sheet music 1870-1885

Every one of these was working in the cotton mill at North Pormal [i.e., Pownal], Vt. and they were running a small force. Rosie Lapiare, 15 years; Jane Sylvester, 15 years; Runie[?] Cird, 12 years; R. Sylvester, 12 years; E. [H.?] Willett, 13 years; Nat. Sylvester, 13 years; John King, 14 years; Z. Lapear, 13 years. Standing on step. Clarence Noel 11 years old, David Noel 14 years old. Location: No[rth] Pownal, Vermont / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

7 year old oyster shucker. Speaks no English. Father and mother earn about $15 a week, and this little one works steady and her six year old brother same. Lowden Canning Co. Location: Bluffton, South Carolina.

Fifty-seven year old sharecropper woman. Hinds County, Mississippi. Black beads hung between the breasts are good for heart trouble

[Drawing of the death bed scene of President Abraham Lincoln, with Chase, Denison, Dr. Leale, Sumner, Dr. Crane, General Barnes, Halleck, and Stanton] / H. Faber.

Barnes, Harding, Hutchinson - Public domain portrait photograph

Office of Civilian Defense worker help protect nation's capital. Nerve center of civilian defense communications. A message center keeps constantly in touch with developments throughout the city by telephone and radio. A vital part of civilian defense work is the proper handling of trouble calls, assignment of crews to troubled areas and the passing on of orders for prompt action. One operator is connected with the first aid center, one with the decontamination squad, one with the disaster unit and another with the emergency service division. Girls shown at work in the message center of central alarm system, Washington, D.C.

Mrs. Mary George, 74 Southbridge Street, Worcester, Massachusetts. Mother and Aaron, 13 yrs., and Elizabeth 12 yrs old, working on crochet slippers. The children work until 9 or 10:30 P.M. sometimes, and the mother later. Girl has so much trouble with eyes that she is very much behind in school. Mother has eye trouble, too. (See Report also.) Witness. F.A. Smith. Location: Worcester, Massachusettsachusetts.

Mrs. Larocca, 233 E. 107th St., N.Y., making willow plumes in an unlicensed tenement. Photo taken Feb. 29, 1912. License was revoked Dec. 19, 1911.Applied for again Feb 7, 1912, inspected Feb. 13 and refused Feb 14, 1912. Feb. 29, 1912 I found nine families (including the janitress) at work on feathers or with traces of the day's work still on the floor. Still other families were reported to be doing the work also, but were not home. When our investigator made her first calls here, she found the whole tenement in much worse condition (see schedule) Children had bad skin trouble, fever, etc. Grandmother was working the day this photo was taken. New York, New York (State)

Cumberland Glass Works, Bridgeton, N.J. A young "holding-mold boy" is seen, dimly, in middle distance to left of centre. Negroes, Greeks and Italians are being employed in many glass houses. Location: Bridgeton, New Jersey

One of the youngest boys I found working in the Naomi Mill apparently 10 yrs old. There were two others about as young. Location: Randleman, North Carolina

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men textile mill workers child labor socialists alabama phoenix photographic prints product cotton mill cotton mill frank barnes frank barnes box forty forty years columbus cents socialist trouble girls yrs wages support families history of alabama child 4 years old united states history library of congress