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Cleo Campbell, 9 years old, picks 75 to 100 pounds of cotton a day. Expects to start school soon. Said: "I'd ruther go to school and then I wouldn't have ter work." Father said she and her sister begin about 6 A.M. and work until 6 or 7 P.M. with 1 12 hours off at noon. Lewis W. Hine. See 4590. See W.H. Swift Report. Location: Potawotamie, Oklahoma

[Callie Campbell, 11 years old, picks 75 to 125 pounds of cotton a day, and totes 50 pounds of it when sack gets full. "No, I don't like it very much." Lewis W. Hine. See 4590. See W.H. Swift Report.] Location: [Potawotamie County, Oklahoma]

Callie Campbell, 11 years old, picks 75 to 125 pounds of cotton a day, and totes 50 pounds of it when sack gets full. "No, I don't like it very much." See 4590. Lewis W. Hine. See W.H. Swift Report. Location: Potawotamie County, Oklahoma

Callie Campbell, 11 years old, picks 75 to 125 pounds of cotton a day, and totes 50 pounds of it when sack gets full. "No, I don't like it very much." Lewis W. Hine. See 4590. See W.H. Swift Report. Location: Potawotamie County, Oklahoma

Campbell family picking cotton. W.W. Campbell, Route 1, Box 64, Shawnee. Children go to Pioneer School, 7 miles northwest of Shawnee (see photo of same) Father said: "Both the girls can hoe the cotton as well as any grown-up." Lewis W. Hine. See W.H. Swift Report. Location: Potawotamie County, Oklahoma

Ruby Hollingsworth, seven year old cotton picker. Works all day, early and late, in the hot sun. Picks about thirty-five pounds a day. Father, mother and several brothers and sisters pick. They get only five or six months of schooling. "It's not 'nuff," the father said. The children said "We'd ruther go to school." Address Box 18, R.F.D. Location: Denison, Texas

Campbell family picking cotton. W.W. Campbell, Route 1, Box 64, Shawnee. Children go to Pioneer School, 7 miles northwest of Shawnee (see photo of same) Father said: "Both the girls can hoe the cotton as well as any grown-up." Lewis W. Hine. See W.H. Swift Report. Location: Potawotamie County, Oklahoma.

Callie Campbell, 11 years old, picks 75 to 125 pounds of cotton a day, and totes 50 pounds of it when sack gets full. "No, I don't like it very much." See 4590. Lewis W. Hine. See W.H. Swift Report. Location: Potawotamie County, Oklahoma

Callie Campbell, 11 years old, picks 75 to 125 pounds of cotton a day, and totes 50 pounds of it when sack gets full. "No, I don't like it very much." See 4590. Lewis W. Hine. See W.H. Swift Report. Location: Potawotamie County, Oklahoma

[Cleo Campbell, 9 years old, picks 75 to 100 pounds of cotton a day. Expects to start school soon. Said: "I'd ruther go to school and then I wouldn't have ter work." Father said she and her sister begin about 6 A.M. and work until 6 or 7 P.M. with 1 1/2 hours off at noon. Lewis W. Hine. See 4590. See W.H. Swift Report.] Location: Potawotamie, Oklahoma.

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Summary

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Hine grew up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. As a young man he had to care for himself, and working at a furniture factory gave him first-hand knowledge of industrial workers' harsh reality. Eight years later he matriculated at the University of Chicago and met Professor Frank A. Manny, whom he followed to New York to teach at the Ethical Culture School and continue his studies at New York University. As a faculty member at the Ethical Culture School Hine was introduced to photography. From 1904 until his death he documented a series of sites and conditions in the USA and Europe. In 1906 he became a photographer and field worker for the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC). Undercover, disguised among other things as a Bible salesman or photographer for post-cards or industry, Hine went into American factories. His research methodology was based on photographic documentation and interviews. Together with the NCLC he worked to place the working conditions of two million American children onto the political agenda. The NCLC later said that Hine's photographs were decisive in the 1938 passage of federal law governing child labor in the United States. In 1918 Hine left the NCLC for the Red Cross and their work in Europe. After a short period as an employee, he returned to the United States and began as an independent photographer. One of Hine's last major projects was the series Men at Work, published as a book in 1932. It is a homage to the worker that built the country, and it documents such things as the construction of the Empire State Building. In 1940 Hine died abruptly after several years of poor income and few commissions. Even though interest in his work was increasing, it was not until after his death that Hine was raised to the stature of one of the great photographers in the history of the medium.

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girls cotton pickers croplands oklahoma potawotamie photographic prints cleo campbell cleo campbell pounds cotton expects school ruther wouldn i wouldn ter work ter work father sister hours noon lewis hine swift report swift report lewis w hine lewis hine child laborers workers child worker child labor law 9 years old library of congress
date_range

Date

01/01/1916
person

Contributors

Hine, Lewis Wickes, 1874-1940, photographer
collections

in collections

Lewis W. Hine

Lewis Hine, Library of Congress Collection
place

Location

oklahoma
create

Source

Library of Congress
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Link

http://www.loc.gov/
copyright

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No known restrictions on publication.

label_outline Explore Ruther, Expects, Cleo

Mephisto walzer, 2ter - Public domain American sheet music, 1881

Scene in the cotton field of the Baptist Orphanage, near Waxahachie. These boys, from seven years old and upward, pick cotton, helping this man, outside of school hours., There are 20 children in the Orphanage, mostly girls, and it is supported by the Baptists of Texas. Location: Waxahachie [vicinity], Texas.

"Teaching the young Idea How to Sell." Gus Hodges, age 11, instructing his brother Julius, age 5. I found Gus selling as late as 9:00 P.M., and he said that he had made over one dollar a day. Julius and another brother, 9 years old, has made 25 cents that day. Norfolk, Virginia.

All of these are workers in the Stearns Silk Factory, Petersburg, Virginia Not all of the youngsters would get into the photo. I went through the factory during working hours and saw many others like these. A neighbor's testimony corroborated the foregoing. Noon hour. Location: Petersburg, Virginia.

New Britain, Connecticut. A child care center, opened September 15, 1942, for thirty children, age two to five, of mothers engaged in war industry. The hours are 6:30 a.m. to 6 p.m., six days per week. Dolls and buggies are the chief interests of the little girls

Mephisto walzer, 2ter - Public domain American sheet music, 1881

[The heroine of Port Arthur -- the only woman soldier, killed here a few hours later]

6-year old Warren Frakes. Mother said he picked 41 pounds yesterday "An I don't make him pick; he picked some last year." Has about 20 pounds in his bag. See 4574. Location: Comanche County, Oklahoma. Lewis W. Hine

Norma Lawrence is 10 years old and picks from 100 to 150 pounds of cotton a day. Drags the sack which often hold 50 pounds or more before emptied. Lewis W. Hine. See 4569. Location: Comanche County, Oklahoma

This little six-year helper in Rock Creek berry field, near Baltimore, Md., was working hard. They begin about 4:30 A.M. and sometimes work until sunset. Her family (Scholtz) has been South--Bluffton, S.C.--for a few years. Seen in Appalachicola and Biloxi. They are Polish. Location: Baltimore, Maryland

I wouldn't call out, Mr. Cardew, said a cold voice, I have my left hand on a revolver

Mrs. Watkins, FSA (Farm Security Administration) borrower, and her helper, milking cows. She sells from eight to ten pounds of butter each week. Coffee County, Alabama

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girls cotton pickers croplands oklahoma potawotamie photographic prints cleo campbell cleo campbell pounds cotton expects school ruther wouldn i wouldn ter work ter work father sister hours noon lewis hine swift report swift report lewis w hine lewis hine child laborers workers child worker child labor law 9 years old library of congress