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Summary
Illustration shows a large group of politicians and others in a cemetery on Memorial Day, each seems to be grieving at gravestones that bear special messages, such as Pope Leo XIII standing in front of a stone that states "Here lies my Irish Influence"; Ulysses S. Grant placing a wreath labeled "Tho' Gone Not Forgotten" at a monument that states "Here Lies the Third Term 1880"; Stephen Dorsey and Thomas Brady, arm in arm, in front of a stone that states "[Star] Route Here Lies Our Hope of Acquittal"; James G. Blaine placing a wreath on a stone that states "[He]re Lies My South American Policy"; and Samuel J. Tilden and Charles A. Dana in front of a stone that states "Tilden Boom 1876 Rest in Peace". Also depicted, clustered around Grant, are Roscoe Conkling holding a tattered military standard labeled "Stalwart Battle Flag 1880", James D. Cameron on crutches labeled "1882", John A. Logan as a drummer with number "306" on his drum strap, and Thomas C. Platt as a little girl; also grouped before a stone that states "Here Lies Democratic Consistancy on the Tariff" are Benjamin F. Butler, Winfield Scott Hancock, Rutherford B. Hayes, and Stephen B. Elkins. Others depicted are Simon Cameron, John Kelly, Jay Gould, George W. Childs, George M. Robeson, David Davis, Robert Ingersoll, Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa, and a man identified as "Campbell".
Caption: They deck with flowers, this Day of Decoration, full many a blighted hope and reputation.
Illus. from Puck, v. 13, no. 325, (1883 May 30), centerfold.
Copyright 1883 by Keppler & Schwarzmann.
It wasn't really until the 1700s that caricature truly blossomed as a form of political criticism. In the late 1750s, a man named Thomas Townshend began using the techniques employed by earlier engravers and applying them towards a political model. This gave Thompson's cartoons a much greater feeling of propaganda than previous artistic critiques of the time. The intense political climate of the period, and often accusatory nature of most political cartoons forced many artists to use pseudonyms in order to avoid accusations of libel. Other artists took it a step farther, and left their cartoons completely unsigned, foregoing any credit they may have received. Political higher-ups were notoriously touchy about their reputations and were not afraid to make examples of offenders. Puck was the first successful humor magazine in the United States of colorful cartoons, caricatures and political satire of the issues of the day. It was published from 1871 until 1918.
Alois Senefelder, the inventor of lithography, introduced the subject of colored lithography in 1818. Printers in other countries, such as France and England, were also started producing color prints. The first American chromolithograph—a portrait of Reverend F. W. P. Greenwood—was created by William Sharp in 1840. Chromolithographs became so popular in American culture that the era has been labeled as "chromo civilization". During the Victorian times, chromolithographs populated children's and fine arts publications, as well as advertising art, in trade cards, labels, and posters. They were also used for advertisements, popular prints, and medical or scientific books.
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