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Joseph Wench, newsboy, 315 W. 2nd St. 7 years of age. Selling papers 2 years Average earnings 50 cents per week. Selling papers own choice. Earnings not needed at home. Visits saloons. Works 6 hours per day. Mother and father separated. Lives with grandmother. This boy was found on King St. (marked), eating rotted orange which he picked up from the gutter. He was bare footed, shabbily clad and seemed under fed. When asked whether grandmother needed his earnings, he replied that she was comfortable and that he wanted money to go to moving pictures and buy candy. May, 1910 Investigator, Edward F. Brown. Location: Wilmington, Delaware / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

Earl Kelly, 116 E. 2% i.e., 2nd? Street. 9 years of age. Selling papers 2 weeks. Average earnings 10 cents per day. Sells from choice. Earnings not needed home. Don't smoke. Visits saloons. On Sunday, May 22d this boy was found on the street at 6 P.M. Edward F. Brown, Investigator. Location: Wilmington, Delaware Photo by Lewis W. Hine

Donald Mallick, ("Happy"), 203 King Street. 9 years of age, selling newspapers 5 years. Average earnings 35 cents a week. Sells from choice. Father, rivet driver, $20 weekly. "Happy" is well known character in town. When first interviewed gave story of sleeping in broken buildings and lots at night. Found out in streets at 11 P.M. at night pitching pennies and working "last paper" scheme. Flips cars and has sister who is 8 years of age who begs and sells papers. Boy very imaginative, and when last seen had a rusty 5 inch knife which he said he found and was playing with same in gutter. Edward F. Brown, Investigator. Wilmington, Del. May, 1910. Location: Wilmington, Delaware Photo by Lewis W. Hine

John Gibson, Newsboy, 13 years of age. Selling newspapers 7 years. Average earnings $1.25 per week. Selling newspapers own choice. Smokes. Visits saloons. Works 9 hours per day. John's brother is a messenger who directed investigator to a number of houses of prostitution, on Tatnall and Orange Sts. Investigator, Edward F. Brown. Location: Wilmington, Delaware / Photo by Lewis W. Hine., May, 1910.

John Gibson, Newsboy, 13 years of age. Selling newspapers 7 years. Average earnings $1.25 per week. Selling newspapers own choice. Smokes. Visits saloons. Works 9 hours per day. John's brother is a messenger who directed investigator to a number of houses of prostitution, on Tatnall and Orange Sts. Investigator, Edward F. Brown. Location: Wilmington, Delaware Photo by Lewis W. Hine., May, 1910

Arthur H. Toody, 536 Market St. Newsboy, 8 years of age. Selling papers 1 years [sic] Average earnings 20 cents per week. Selling newspapers own choice. Earnings not needed at home. Don't smoke. Visits saloons. Works 5 hours per day. Wants money for moving picture. May, 1910. Investigator, Edward F. Brown. Location: Wilmington, Delaware / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

Donald Mallick, ("Happy"), 203 King Street. 9 years of age, selling newspapers 5 years. Average earnings 35 cents a week. Sells from choice. Father, rivet driver, $20 weekly. "Happy" is well known character in town. When first interviewed gave story of sleeping in broken buildings and lots at night. Found out in streets at 11 P.M. at night pitching pennies and working "last paper" scheme. Flips cars and has sister who is 8 years of age who begs and sells papers. Boy very imaginative, and when last seen had a rusty 5 inch knife which he said he found and was playing with same in gutter. Edward F. Brown, Investigator. Wilmington, Del. May, 1910. Location: Wilmington, Delaware / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

Al. Brown, newsboy, 219 W. 2nd 3rd? St. 11 years of age. Selling newspaper 3 years. Average earnings 50 cents per week. Father merchant tailor, $26 weekly. Selling papers own choice. Earnings not needed at home. Don't smoke. Visits saloons. Works 7 hours a day. Wants money to spend . Investigator, Edward F. Brown. Location: Wilmington, Delaware Photo by Lewis W. Hine., May, 1910

[Donald Mallick, ("Happy"), 203 King Street. 9 years of age, selling newspapers 5 years. Average earnings 35 cents a week. Sells from choice. Father, rivet driver, $20 weekly. "Happy" is well known character in town. When first interviewed gave story of sleeping in broken buildings and lots at night. Found out in streets at 11 P.M. at night pitching pennies and working "last paper" scheme. Flips cars and has sister who is 8 years of age who begs and sells papers. Boy very imaginative, and when last seen had a rusty 5 inch knife which he said he found and was playing with same in gutter. Edward F. Brown, Investigator. Wilmington, Del. May, 1910.] Location: Wilmington, Delaware / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

Joseph Wench, newsboy, 315 W. 2nd St. 7 years of age. Selling papers 2 years Average earnings 50 cents per week. Selling papers own choice. Earnings not needed at home. Visits saloons. Works 6 hours per day. Mother and father separated. Lives with grandmother. This boy was found on King St. (marked), eating rotted orange which he picked up from the gutter. He was bare footed, shabbily clad and seemed under fed. When asked whether grandmother needed his earnings, he replied that she was comfortable and that he wanted money to go to moving pictures and buy candy. May, 1910 Investigator, Edward F. Brown. Location: Wilmington, Delaware / Photo by Lewis W. Hine.

description

Summary

Picryl description: Public domain photograph of child, child labor, farmer, early 20th-century farm, free to use, no copyright restrictions.

Hine grew up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. As a young man he had to care for himself, and working at a furniture factory gave him first-hand knowledge of industrial workers' harsh reality. Eight years later he matriculated at the University of Chicago and met Professor Frank A. Manny, whom he followed to New York to teach at the Ethical Culture School and continue his studies at New York University. As a faculty member at the Ethical Culture School Hine was introduced to photography. From 1904 until his death he documented a series of sites and conditions in the USA and Europe. In 1906 he became a photographer and field worker for the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC). Undercover, disguised among other things as a Bible salesman or photographer for post-cards or industry, Hine went into American factories. His research methodology was based on photographic documentation and interviews. Together with the NCLC he worked to place the working conditions of two million American children onto the political agenda. The NCLC later said that Hine's photographs were decisive in the 1938 passage of federal law governing child labor in the United States. In 1918 Hine left the NCLC for the Red Cross and their work in Europe. After a short period as an employee, he returned to the United States and began as an independent photographer. One of Hine's last major projects was the series Men at Work, published as a book in 1932. It is a homage to the worker that built the country, and it documents such things as the construction of the Empire State Building. In 1940 Hine died abruptly after several years of poor income and few commissions. Even though interest in his work was increasing, it was not until after his death that Hine was raised to the stature of one of the great photographers in the history of the medium.

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Tags

boys newspaper vendors wages hours of labor delaware wilmington photographic prints wilmington del joseph wench joseph wench newsboy papers average earnings years average earnings cents choice home visits saloons visits saloons works hours mother father lives grandmother boy gutter money pictures candy investigator edward f photo lewis hine child laborers child labor economic and social conditions lewis w hine lewis hine workers child worker child labor law edward f brown library of congress
date_range

Date

01/01/1910
person

Contributors

Hine, Lewis Wickes, 1874-1940, photographer
collections

in collections

Lewis W. Hine

Lewis Hine, Library of Congress Collection
place

Location

Wilmington (Del.) ,  39.74583, -75.54667
create

Source

Library of Congress
link

Link

http://www.loc.gov/
copyright

Copyright info

No known restrictions on publication.

label_outline Explore Wench, Gutter, Visits Saloons

Dance The newsboy's dance - Public domain musical sheets

7 year old Ferris. Tiny newsie who did not know enough to make change for investigator. There are still too many of these little ones in the larger cities. Location: Mobile, Alabama.

7 year old oyster shucker. Speaks no English. Father and mother earn about $15 a week, and this little one works steady and her six year old brother same. Lowden Canning Co. Location: Bluffton, South Carolina.

Birmingham, Ala[bama]. Average negro homes / MST.

Grandmother told me so - Public domain American sheet music

Olga Schubert, 855 Gruenwald St. The little 5 yr. old after a day's work that began about 5:00 A.M. helping her mother in the Biloxi Canning Factory, begun at an early hour, was tired out and refused to be photographed. The mother said, "Oh, She's ugly." Both she and other persons said picking shrimp was very hard on the fingers. See also photo 2021. Location: Biloxi, Mississippi.

Mrs. Larocca, 233 E. 107th St., N.Y., making willow plumes in an unlicensed tenement. Photo taken Feb. 29, 1912. License was revoked Dec. 19, 1911.Applied for again Feb 7, 1912, inspected Feb. 13 and refused Feb 14, 1912. Feb. 29, 1912 I found nine families (including the janitress) at work on feathers or with traces of the day's work still on the floor. Still other families were reported to be doing the work also, but were not home. When our investigator made her first calls here, she found the whole tenement in much worse condition (see schedule) Children had bad skin trouble, fever, etc. Grandmother was working the day this photo was taken. New York, New York (State)

Olga Schubert, 855 Gruenwald St. The little 5 yr. old after a day's work that began about 5:00 A.M. helping her mother in the Biloxi Canning Factory, begun at an early hour, was tired out and refused to be photographed. The mother said, "Oh, She's ugly." Both she and other persons said picking shrimp was very hard on the fingers. See also photo 2021. Location: Biloxi, Mississippi

Newsboy starting to "flip a car." Location: Boston, Massachusetts.

Two of the young oyster shuckers and baby-tenders going home at 5:00 P.M. after a day begun at 4:00 A.M. and spent shucking oysters and tending baby. Smallest one is "Teeny." Other is Sophie. Location: Pass Christian, Mississippi

Three cutters in Factory #7, Seacoast Canning Co., Eastport, Me. They work regularly whenever there are fish. (Note the knives they use.) Back of them and under foot is refuse. On the right hand is Grayson Forsythe, 7 years old. Middle is George Goodell, 9 years old, finger badly cut and wrapped up. Said, "the salt gets unto the cut." Said he makes $1.50 some days. Left end, Clarence Goodell, 6 years, helps brother. Location: Eastport, Maine

School #2, Buffalo, N.Y. Vincent Cannici, 13 years old last summer. Ran apple machine in cannery, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada. Lost 9 weeks school in the fall. Did not make good in promotion. Angelo, Brimo, 11 years old last summer. Ran apple machine in cannery, $1.25 to $1.50 a day, worked sometimes until 9 or 10 p.m. Lost 15 weeks schooling. Is a repeater. Buffalo, New York (State)

Topics

boys newspaper vendors wages hours of labor delaware wilmington photographic prints wilmington del joseph wench joseph wench newsboy papers average earnings years average earnings cents choice home visits saloons visits saloons works hours mother father lives grandmother boy gutter money pictures candy investigator edward f photo lewis hine child laborers child labor economic and social conditions lewis w hine lewis hine workers child worker child labor law edward f brown library of congress