Sinaihalbinsel Westseite, Küste des Roten Meeres bei Vorgebirge Abu Zelîme. 1910.

Plate 99 in portfolio: Bilder aus Palästina. Nord-Arabien und dem Sinai. Berlin : Dietrich Riemer, 1916.
Letterpress caption in German.
Translated title by Library staff.
Photograph taken from Sinai's narrow western coast on the Gulf of Suez to the south of the town of Abu Zeneima close to the outlet of Wadi Dafari? Looking northwest and showing the western slopes of Gebel Samra from right to the centre, and the pyramid-shape summit of Gebel Hanka, the round-shape summit of Gebel Thal and the cliff-shape summit of Gebel Hammam Fara'un in the centre, from a 28km distance. (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)
A cluster/network of copper mines and smelting settlements are located at the ancient and contemporary mining region of West-central Sinai, and date back to Chalcolithic/Copper and Early Bronze Age at Wadi Maghara (4,300-3,300 BCE), Gebel Samra (4,300-2,650 BCE), Wadi Kharig (4,300-2,925 BCE), Wadi Umm Graf (4,216-3,985 BCE), Naqb Budra (3,500-2925 BCE) and Wadi Sura (and Wadi Sarbut, BCE?). Ancient Egyptian dynastic mines are located at Wadi Maghara and Gebel A'deidiya 'Hgaga, Yahudia, Shab, Hadid, Umm Hasan & Safrh mines' (turquoise, 1st?-19th dynasties, 2,950-1,213 BCE), Wadi Umm Temeiyim (turquoise, 11th-14th dynasties, 1,945-1,640 BCE), Gebel Serabit El Khadem (turquoise, 11th-20th dynasties, 1,948-1,137 BCE), Wadi Nasib (copper, 12th-18th dynasties, 1,818-1,292 BCE), Wadi Kharig (copper: 2nd? dynasty, 2,775-2,650 BCE; 5th dynasty, 2,400 BCE; 12th-18th dynasties, 1,818-1,292 BCE), Gebel Musabba' Salama (ancient mines?), and Tell El Markha on the Gulf of Suez (copper smelting and sea anchorage, 18th dynasty, 1,479 BCE). Hamada (pre-Islamic), 'Aliqat (14th century CE) and Sawalha (14th century CE) tribes inhabit the mining region. The Manganese mines of Gebel Umm Bugma have been operating since 1910 CE (Thomas Barron 1898-1899 CE). (Source: A. Shams, Sinai Peninsula Research, 2018)